Inflation, Proton Decay, and Higgs-Portal Dark Matter in $SO(10) \times U(1)_\psi$

TL;DR

This paper presents a non-supersymmetric $SO(10) imes U(1)_ ext{ extpsi}$ GUT model that unifies gauge couplings, explains neutrino masses, predicts proton decay, and offers a Higgs-portal dark matter candidate, with cosmological inflation and monopole dilution.

Contribution

It introduces a novel $SO(10) imes U(1)_ ext{ extpsi}$ GUT framework with unique fermion content, inflation mechanism, and dark matter candidate, addressing multiple fundamental issues.

Findings

Gauge coupling unification at $10^{15}-10^{16}$ GeV.

Proton decay testable by Hyper-Kamiokande.

Dark matter relic density compatible with future detection experiments.

Abstract

We propose a simple non-supersymmetric grand unified theory (GUT) based on the gauge group $SO(10) \times U(1)_\psi$. The model includes 3 generations of fermions in ${\bf 16}$ ($+1$), ${\bf 10}$ ($-2$) and ${\bf 1}$ ($+4$) representations. The ${\bf 16}$-plets contain Standard Model (SM) fermions plus right-handed neutrinos, and the ${\bf 10}$-plet and the singlet fermions are introduced to make the model anomaly-free. Gauge coupling unification at $M_{GUT} \simeq 5 \times 10^{15}-10^{16}$ GeV is achieved by including an intermediate Pati-Salam breaking at $M_{I} \simeq 10^{12}-10^{11}$ GeV, which is a natural scale for the seesaw mechanism. For $M_{I} \simeq 10^{12}-10^{11}$, proton decay will be tested by the Hyper-Kamiokande experiment. The extra fermions acquire their masses from $U(1)_\psi$ symmetry breaking, and a $U(1)_\psi$ Higgs field drives a successful inflection-point inflation with a low Hubble parameter during inflation, $H_{inf} \ll M_{I}$. Hence, cosmologically dangerous monopoles produced from $SO(10)$ and PS breakings are diluted away. The reheating temperature after inflation can be high enough for successful leptogenesis. With the Higgs field contents of our model, a ${\bf Z}_2$ symmetry remains unbroken after GUT symmetry breaking, and the lightest mass eigenstate among linear combinations of the ${\bf 10}$-plet and the singlet fermions serves as a Higgs-portal dark matter (DM). We identify the parameter regions to reproduce the observed DM relic density while satisfying the current constraint from the direct DM detection experiments. The present allowed region will be fully covered by the future direct detection experiments such as LUX-ZEPLIN DM experiment. In the presence of the extra fermions, the SM Higgs potential is stabilized up to $M_{I}$.