# A Blockchain Policy and Charging Control Framework for Roaming in Cellular Networks

## TL;DR

This paper explores how blockchain technology can be integrated into cellular network roaming systems to enhance trust, security, and pricing, while addressing deployment challenges through two proposed models and a case study in the EU.

## Contribution

It introduces two blockchain-based roaming models for cellular networks and evaluates their feasibility and challenges compared to traditional roaming technologies.

## Key findings

- Blockchain can improve trust and security in roaming systems.
- Two models demonstrate suitability for cellular networks.
- Case study highlights deployment challenges and potential solutions.

## Abstract

As a technology foundation of cryptocurrencies, blockchain enables decentralized peer-to-peer trading through consensus mechanisms without the involvement of a third party. Blockchain has been regarded as an auspicious technology for future cellular networks. It is able to provide solutions to problems related to mobile operators and user trust, embedded smart contracts, security concerns, pricing (e.g. for roaming), etc. When applying blockchain to cellular networks, there are significant challenges in terms of deployment and application, due to resource-constrained transactions. This article begins by introducing the basic concept of blockchain and then moves on to illustrate its benefits and limitations in the roaming system. Two models of roaming-based blockchain technologies are offered to show their suitability for cellular networks as opposed to traditional technology. Finally, potential issues and challenges of roaming-based blockchains are addressed and evaluated using the roaming use case in the EU.