# Calibration of X-ray telescope prototypes at PANTER

## TL;DR

This paper presents ground calibration results of two X-ray telescope prototypes developed with thermal glass slumping technology, assessing their imaging performance and effective area across relevant X-ray energies.

## Contribution

It provides the first comprehensive on-axis performance measurements of conical Wolter-I X-ray telescope prototypes using advanced calibration at PANTER.

## Key findings

- Prototype #1 has an HPD of 82" at 1.49 keV.
- Prototype #2 has an HPD of 111" and an effective area of 39 cm^2 at 1.49 keV.
- Performance metrics vary across energies from 0.5 to 10 keV.

## Abstract

We report a ground X-ray calibration of two X-ray telescope prototypes at the PANTER X-ray Test Facility, of the Max-Planck-Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, in Neuried, Germany. The X-ray telescope prototypes were developed by the Institute of Precision Optical Engineering (IPOE) of Tongji University, in a conical Wolter-I configuration, using thermal glass slumping technology. Prototype #1 with 3 layers and Prototype #2 with 21 layers were tested to assess the prototypes' on-axis imaging performance. The measurement of Prototype #1 indicates a Half Power Diameter (HPD) of 82" at 1.49 keV. As for Prototype #2, we performed more comprehensive measurements of on-axis angular resolution and effective area at several energies ranging from 0.5-10 keV. The HPD and effective area are 111" and 39 cm^2 at 1.49 keV, respectively, at which energy the on-axis performance of the prototypes is our greatest concern.