# Full-Sky Lensing Reconstruction of 21 cm Intensity Maps

## TL;DR

This paper develops a full-sky formalism for reconstructing matter density perturbations from 21 cm intensity maps, highlighting the importance of accounting for sky curvature in future large-scale cosmological analyses.

## Contribution

It extends the lensing reconstruction formalism to full-sky surveys using Spherical Fourier-Bessel expansion, providing predictions and comparisons with flat-sky approaches.

## Key findings

- Agreement with flat-sky predictions at small scales
- Significant deviations at large scales due to curvature
- SNR for lensing signal increases by 107% with the new formalism

## Abstract

Weak gravitational lensing of the 21 cm radiation is expected to be an important cosmological probe for post-reionization physics. We investigate the reconstruction of the matter density perturbations using a quadratic minimum variance estimator. The next generation of line intensity mapping (LIM) surveys such as HIRAX and CHIME will cover a larger sky fraction, which requires one to account for the curvature in the sky. Thus, we extend the plane-parallel flat-sky formalism for lensing reconstruction to account for a full-sky survey using the Spherical Fourier-Bessel (SFB) expansion. Using the HIRAX 21 cm survey as a basis, we make predictions for lensing-reconstruction noise in our formalism and compare our results with the predictions from the plane-parallel formalism. We find agreement with the plane-parallel noise power spectrum at small scales and a significant deviation at scales $L\lesssim \ell_{\rm res}-k_{\rm eq}R$ where $R$ is the radius of the shell volume, $k_{\rm eq}$ is the wavenumber for matter-radiation equality, and $\ell_{\rm res}$ is the angular resolution scale. Furthermore, we derive the SFB flat-sky reconstruction noise and compare it with the full-sky SFB case as well as the plane-parallel case, finding minor deviations from the full-sky noise due to sphericity. We also determine that, in the absence of non-Gaussian statistics of the intensity field but accounting for foregrounds, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for $C_\ell^{\phi\phi}$ using our SFB estimator increases by 107%. This shows that accounting for the curved sky in LIM weak lensing will be crucial for large-scale cosmology.