# Observational Tests of Gauss-Bonnet Like Dark Energy Model

## TL;DR

This paper evaluates Gauss-Bonnet inspired dark energy models against various cosmological observations, finding they match the standard Lambda Cold Dark Matter model in late universe but are less favored in early universe data.

## Contribution

It introduces and tests modified Gauss-Bonnet dark energy models using comprehensive observational data, comparing their performance to the standard cosmological model.

## Key findings

- All models fit late universe data well.
- Models are less consistent with early universe observations.
- Lambda CDM remains statistically favored in early universe analysis.

## Abstract

The consistency of some dynamical dark energy models based on Gauss-Bonnet invariant, ${\cal G}$, is studied compared with cosmological observational tests. The investigated models are modified form of Gauss Bonnet dark energy, MGB-DE and two other versions which are interacting MGB and $n_0$MGB. The energy density of proposed models are combinations of powers of the Hubble rate, H, and its time derivative. To inquire the performance of MGB dark energy models, we have used data analyzing methods and numerical solutions, in both background and perturbed levels, based on recent observational data from SNIa, Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO), Hubble parameter, CMB data, and structure formation data surveys. Employing joint data sets and comparing the results to those of LCDM, show that all versions of MGB-DE predicts the expansion history and evolution of structures appropriately as well as $\Lambda$CDM. If we use pure late universe data set, we see that all models of MGB-DE are successful in recent epoch, and there is not any significant evidence against or in favor of $\Lambda$CDM, whereas for early universe, statistical results indicate a significantly better agreement for $\Lambda$CDM as compared to all versions of MGB-DE models.