# First measurement of neutrino oscillation parameters using neutrinos and antineutrinos by NOvA

## TL;DR

The NOvA experiment has for the first time measured neutrino oscillation parameters using both neutrinos and antineutrinos, providing new insights into neutrino properties and mass hierarchy.

## Contribution

This paper presents the first combined measurement of neutrino and antineutrino oscillation parameters by NOvA, improving understanding of neutrino mass hierarchy and mixing angles.

## Key findings

- Measured $| riangle m^2_{32}|$ with high precision
- Favored normal neutrino mass hierarchy by 1.9$\sigma$
- Excluded most $\delta_{CP}$ values near $rac{\pi}{2}$ for inverted hierarchy

## Abstract

The NOvA experiment has made a $4.4\sigma$-significant observation of $\bar\nu_{e}$ appearance in a 2 GeV $\bar\nu_{\mu}$ beam at a distance of 810 km. Using $12.33\times10^{20}$ protons on target delivered to the Fermilab NuMI neutrino beamline, the experiment recorded 27 $\bar\nu_{\mu} \rightarrow \bar\nu_{e}$ candidates with a background of 10.3 and 102 $\bar\nu_{\mu} \rightarrow \bar\nu_{\mu}$ candidates. This new antineutrino data is combined with neutrino data to measure the oscillation parameters $|\Delta m^2_{32}| = 2.48^{+0.11}_{-0.06}\times10^{-3}$ eV$^2/c^4$, $\sin^2 \theta_{23} = 0.56^{+0.04}_{-0.03}$ in the normal neutrino mass hierarchy and upper octant and excludes most values near $\delta_{\rm CP}=\pi/2$ for the inverted mass hierarchy by more than 3$\sigma$. The data favor the normal neutrino mass hierarchy by 1.9$\sigma$ and $\theta_{23}$ values in the upper octant by 1.6$\sigma$.