# Superheat conductivity and electric activity of superfluid systems

## TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that superfluid helium-II exhibits a unique superheat conductivity effect, where heat flow in a magnetic field induces an electric field, influenced by sample shape and magnetic field orientation.

## Contribution

It reveals a novel electric response in superfluid dielectric systems caused by superheat conductivity under magnetic fields, expanding understanding of superfluid thermoelectric phenomena.

## Key findings

- Electric field arises from heat flow in superfluid helium-II under magnetic field.
- The electric field magnitude depends on sample shape and magnetic field direction.
- The effect occurs during static and dynamic temperature gradients, including second sound propagation.

## Abstract

In this article it is shown that in He\nobreakdash-II placed in a magnetic field $\mathbf{H}$, the heat flow under the influence of a temperature gradient $\nabla T$ causes appearance of an electric field $\mathbf{E}\sim\mathbf{H}\times\nabla T$. This effect occurs in superfluid dielectric systems due to their specific property named superheat conductivity. The magnitude of the electric field significantly depends on the shape of the helium sample and the magnetic field direction relative to the sample. The effect exists both at static and non-stationary temperature gradient (e. g. during propagation of second sound).