# Robust Strategies for Affirming Kramers-Henneberger Atoms

## TL;DR

This paper proposes experimental strategies using bichromatic pump-probe techniques and geometric phase analysis to confirm the existence of Kramers-Henneberger atoms, which are deformed atomic states under intense laser fields.

## Contribution

It introduces novel experimental methods combining pump-probe schemes and geometric phase analysis to robustly verify KH atom states, accessible with current laser technology.

## Key findings

- Double-slit photoelectron momentum distribution maps KH states.
- Characteristic momentum drift observed in tunneling ionization.
- Geometric phase approach achieves spin flipping, confirming KH states.

## Abstract

Atoms exposed to high-frequency strong laser fields experience the ionization suppression due to the deformation of Kramers-Henneberger (KH) wave functions, which has not been confirmed yet in experiment. We propose a bichromatic pump-probe strategy to affirm the existence of KH states, which is formed by the pump pulse and ionized by the probe pulse. In the case of the single-photon ionization triggered by a vacuum ultra-violet probe pulse, the double-slit structure of KH atom is mapped to the photoelectron momentum distribution. In the case of the tunneling ionization induced by an infrared probe pulse, streaking in anisotropic Coulomb potential produces a characteristic momentum drift. Apart from bichromatic schemes, the non-Abelian geometric phase provides an alternative route to affirm the existence of KH states. Following specific loops in laser parameter space, a complete spin flipping transition could be achieved. Our proposal has advantages of being robust against focal-intensity average as well as ionization depletion, and is accessible with current laser facilities.