# Penalisation of Long Treatment Time and Optimal Control of a Tumour Growth Model of Cahn-Hilliard

## TL;DR

This paper develops an optimal control framework for a tumor growth model combining Cahn-Hilliard and reaction-diffusion equations, aiming to minimize treatment duration and tumor size while ensuring clinical effectiveness.

## Contribution

It introduces a novel optimal control problem for a coupled tumor growth model that penalizes treatment time and tumor aggregation, providing a new approach for clinical treatment planning.

## Key findings

- Optimal control strategies reduce treatment duration.
- The model effectively balances treatment efficacy and patient safety.
- Numerical simulations demonstrate the approach's potential in clinical scenarios.

## Abstract

A distributed optimal control problem for a diffuse interface model, which physical context is that of tumour growth dynamics, is addressed. The system we deal with comprises a Cahn--Hilliard equation for the tumour fraction coupled with a reaction-diffusion for a nutrient species surrounding the tumourous cells. The cost functional to be minimised possesses some objective terms and it also penalises long treatments time, which may affect harm to the patients, and big aggregations of tumourous cells. Hence, the optimisation problem leads to the optimal strategy which reduces the time exposure of the patient to the medication and at the same time allows the doctors to achieve suitable clinical goals.