# Segregation models for density-bidisperse granular flows

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a semiempirical model for species-specific segregation velocities in dense granular flows, extending kinetic theory to include enduring contacts, friction, and flow conditions, and validates it against DEM simulations.

## Contribution

It presents a novel interspecies momentum exchange model for dense granular flows that incorporates friction and enduring contacts, improving upon previous viscous drag approaches.

## Key findings

- Model accurately predicts segregation velocities in confined shear flows.
- Close agreement between model predictions and DEM simulations.
- Effective in both confined and free surface heap flows.

## Abstract

Individual constituent balance equations are often used to derive expressions for species-specific segregation velocities in flows of dense granular mixtures. We propose a semiempirical expression for the interspecies momentum exchange in density-bidisperse granular flows as an extension of ideas from kinetic theory and compare it to a previous viscous drag approach that is analogous to particles settling in a fluid. The proposed model expands the range of the granular kinetic theory from short-duration binary collisions to the multiple enduring contacts characteristic of dense shear flows and incorporates the effects of particle friction, concentration ratio, and local flow conditions. The segregation velocities derived from the momentum balance equation using both interspecies drag models match the downward and upward segregation velocities of heavy and light particles obtained from DEM simulations through the flowing layer depth for different density ratios and constituent concentrations in confined shear flows. Predictions of the kinetic theory inspired approach are additionally compared to results from free surface heap flow simulations, and, again, a close match is observed.