# Controllable Vortex Loops in Superconducting Proximity Systems

## TL;DR

This paper proposes a method to create and control superconducting vortex loops in a normal metal via the proximity effect, enabling their experimental detection through scanning tunneling microscopy.

## Contribution

It introduces a novel technique to generate and tune vortex loops in superconducting proximity systems, with analytical and numerical validation.

## Key findings

- Vortex loops can be generated by piercing the junction with a current-carrying wire.
- The radii of vortex loops can be analytically expressed and tuned.
- Vortex loops can be made large enough to be observed directly with microscopy.

## Abstract

Superconducting vortex loops have so far avoided experimental detection despite being the focus of much theoretical work. We here propose a method of creating controllable vortex loops in the superconducting condensate arising in a normal metal through the proximity effect. We demonstrate both analytically and numerically that superconducting vortex loops emerge when the junction is pierced by a current-carrying insulated wire and give an analytical expression for their radii. The vortex loops can readily be tuned big enough to hit the sample surface, making them directly observable through scanning tunneling microscopy.