# Superradiant Cooling, Trapping, and Lasing of Dipole-Interacting Clock Atoms

## TL;DR

This paper explores a novel method for cooling, trapping, and lasing of dipole-interacting atoms using superradiance in a blue-detuned cavity, enabling efficient atomic control with minimal photon numbers.

## Contribution

It introduces a semiclassical model that includes atomic decay, cavity decay, and dipole interactions, demonstrating superradiant lasing can trap and cool atoms effectively in the bad cavity regime.

## Key findings

- Atoms can be trapped and cooled via superradiant lasing with less than one photon on average.
- Proper parameter choices enable simultaneous lasing and trapping in the bad cavity limit.
- Dipole interactions and decay processes are crucial for the system's dynamics.

## Abstract

A cold atomic gas with an inverted population on a transition coupled to a field mode of an optical resonator constitutes a generic model of a laser. For quasi-continuous operation, external pumping, trapping and cooling of the atoms is required to confine them in order to achieve enough gain inside the resonator. As inverted atoms are high-field seekers in blue detuned light fields, tuning the cavity mode to the blue side of the atomic gain transition allows for combining lasing with stimulated cavity cooling and dipole trapping of the atoms at the antinodes of the laser field. We study such a configuration using a semiclassical description of particle motion along the cavity axis. In extension of earlier work we include free space atomic and cavity decay as well as atomic dipole-dipole interactions and their corresponding forces. We show that for a proper choice of parameters even in the bad cavity limit the atoms can create a sufficiently strong field inside the resonator such that they are trapped and cooled via the superradiant lasing action with less than one photon on average inside the cavity.