# Evaluating Geospatial RDF stores Using the Benchmark Geographica 2

## TL;DR

This paper introduces Geographica 2, an enhanced benchmark for evaluating geospatial RDF stores, assessing their performance, functionality, and scalability using real and synthetic workloads across multiple systems.

## Contribution

Geographica 2 extends the original benchmark by adding new workloads and evaluating more RDF stores, providing a comprehensive assessment of geospatial RDF store capabilities.

## Key findings

- Six RDF stores adequately support GeoSPARQL.
- Two RDF stores offer limited spatial support.
- The benchmark evaluates performance, functionality, and scalability.

## Abstract

Since 2007, geospatial extensions of SPARQL, like GeoSPARQL and stSPARQL, have been defined and corresponding geospatial RDF stores have been implemented. In addition, some work on developing benchmarks for evaluating geospatial RDF stores has been carried out. In this paper, we revisit the Geographica benchmark defined by our group in 2013 which uses both real world and synthetic data to test the performance and functionality of geospatial RDF stores. We present Geographica 2, a new version of the benchmark which extends Geographica by adding one more workload, extending our existing workloads and evaluating 5 more RDF stores. Using three different real workloads, Geographica 2 tests the efficiency of primitive spatial functions in RDF stores and the performance of the RDF stores in real use case scenarios, a more detailed evaluation is performed using a synthetic workload and the scalability of the RDF stores is stressed with the scalability workload. In total eight systems are evaluated out of which six adequately support GeoSPARQL and two offer limited spatial support.