# Surface polaritonic solitons and breathers in a planar plasmonic waveguide structure via electromagnetically induced transparency

## TL;DR

This paper presents a novel method to excite and control surface polaritonic solitons and breathers in a planar plasmonic waveguide using electromagnetically induced transparency to enhance nonlinearity, enabling stable, tightly guided optical solitons.

## Contribution

It introduces a coupler-free scheme for generating and controlling surface polaritonic solitons and breathers via EIT-enhanced nonlinearity in a planar plasmonic waveguide.

## Key findings

- Stable propagation of surface polaritonic Akhmediev breathers achieved.
- Enhanced Kerr nonlinearity controlled through laser detuning and Rabi frequencies.
- Potential for compact nano-photonic device development.

## Abstract

We propose a scheme for the coupler-free excitation of surface polaritonic solitons and breathers in a planar plasmonic waveguide structure comprising of a transparent layer, a metal layer and a layer of three-level lambda-type atomic medium. In the proposed system, an enhanced Kerr nonlinearity is achieved via electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in the bottom atomic medium, which can be controlled through proper modulation of the frequency detunings and Rabi frequencies of the driving laser fields. This nonlinearity balances the dispersion in the system, thus providing the necessary condition for the excitation of polaritonic solitons in the proposed system. As a result, the system yields laterally self-trapped bright and dark surface polaritonic solitons which are tightly guided at the interface of the metal and the EIT medium. Furthermore, we investigate the excitation of surface polaritonic Akhmediev breathers at the metal-EIT medium interface in the proposed system. A stable propagation of the surface polaritonic Akhmediev breathers is achieved with proper choice of parameters in the proposed planar plasmonic waveguide structure. This experimentally feasible scheme could be significant in the development of highly compact nano-photonic devices in the optical regime.