# An ALE-type discrete unified gas kinetic scheme for low-speed continuum and rarefied flow simulations with moving boundaries

## TL;DR

This paper extends the discrete unified gas kinetic scheme (DUGKS) to an ALE framework for simulating low-speed continuum and rarefied flows with moving boundaries, ensuring accuracy and efficiency across flow regimes.

## Contribution

The paper introduces an ALE-type DUGKS with a remapping-free scheme and discusses geometric conservation approaches, enabling accurate simulations of moving boundary flows.

## Key findings

- Accurate simulation of flows around oscillating objects.
- Good agreement with experimental and numerical results.
- Effective handling of both continuum and rarefied flow regimes.

## Abstract

In this paper, the original discrete unified gas kinetic scheme (DUGKS) is extended to arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) framework for simulating the low-speed continuum and rarefied flows with moving boundaries. For ALE method, the mesh moving velocity is introduced into the Boltzmann-BGK equation. The remapping-free scheme is adopted to develop the present ALE-type DUGKS, which avoids the complex rezoning and remapping process in traditional ALE method. As in some application areas, the large discretization errors will be introduced into the simulation if the geometric conservation is not guaranteed. Three compliant approaches of the geometric conservation law (GCL) are discussed and a uniform flow test case is conducted to validate these schemes. To illustrate the performance of present ALE-type DUGKS, four test cases are carried out. Two of them are the continuum flow cases, which are the flows around the oscillating circular cylinder and the pitching NACA0012 airfoil, respectively. Others are the rarefied flow cases, one is the moving piston driven by the rarefied gas, another is the flow caused by the plate oscillating in its normal direction. The results of all test cases are in good agreement with the other numerical and/or experimental results, demonstrating the capability of present ALE-type DUGKS to cope with the moving boundary problems at different flow regimes.