# Chaotic diffusion of complex trajectory and its quantum signature

## TL;DR

This paper explores the chaotic diffusion in a non-Hermitian $ ext{PT}$-symmetric kicked rotor model, revealing quantum and classical dynamics, exponential diffusion of complex trajectories, and the quantum signature via out-of-time-order correlators.

## Contribution

It provides a detailed analysis of the quantum and classical chaotic diffusion in a non-Hermitian system, linking complex trajectory behavior with quantum signatures like OTOCs.

## Key findings

- Quantum mean momentum shows staircase growth near $ ext{PT}$ symmetry breaking.
- Directed wavepacket spreading occurs at high system parameters.
- Classical complex trajectories exponentially diffuse over time.

## Abstract

We investigate both the quantum and classical dynamics of a non-Hermitian system via a kicked rotor model with $\mathcal{PT}$ symmetry. For the quantum dynamics, both the mean momentum and mean square of momentum exhibits the staircase growth with time when the system parameter is in the neighborhood of the $\mathcal{PT}$ symmetry breaking point. If the system parameter is very larger than the $\mathcal{PT}$ symmetry breaking point, the accelerator mode results in the directed spreading of the wavepackets as well as the ballistic diffusion in momentum space. For the classical dynamics, the non-Hermitian kicking potential leads to exponentially-fast increase of classical complex trajectories. As a consequence, the imaginary part of trajectories exponentially diffuses with time, while the real part exhibits the normal diffusion. Our analytical prediction of the exponential diffusion of imaginary momentum and its breakdown time is in good agreement with numerical results. The quantum signature of the chaotic diffusion of the complex trajectories is reflected by the dynamics of the out-of-time-order correlators (OTOC). In the semiclassical regime, the rate the exponential increase of the OTOC is equal with that of the exponential diffusion of complex trajectories.