# NuRadioMC: Simulating the radio emission of neutrinos from interaction to detector

## TL;DR

NuRadioMC is a comprehensive, modular Python framework that simulates the entire process of ultra-high energy neutrino detection via radio signals, from interaction to detector response, aiding in detector design and physics analysis.

## Contribution

It introduces a modern, flexible simulation framework with improved physics modeling and detailed comparison of radio emission models for neutrino-induced showers.

## Key findings

- Comparison of radio emission models enhances understanding of signal characteristics.
- Flexible simulation setup supports diverse detector configurations.
- Improved modeling increases accuracy of neutrino detection simulations.

## Abstract

NuRadioMC is a Monte Carlo framework designed to simulate ultra-high energy neutrino detectors that rely on the radio detection method. This method exploits the radio emission generated in the electromagnetic component of a particle shower following a neutrino interaction. NuRadioMC simulates everything from the neutrino interaction in a medium, the subsequent Askaryan radio emission, the propagation of the radio signal to the detector and finally the detector response. NuRadioMC is designed as a modern, modular Python-based framework, combining flexibility in detector design with user-friendliness. It includes a state-of-the-art event generator, an improved modelling of the radio emission, a revisited approach to signal propagation and increased flexibility and precision in the detector simulation. This paper focuses on the implemented physics processes and their implications for detector design. A variety of models and parameterizations for the radio emission of neutrino-induced showers are compared and reviewed. Comprehensive examples are used to discuss the capabilities of the code and different aspects of instrumental design decisions.