# Steady-state Voltage Profile and Long-term Voltage Stability of Electrified Road with Wireless Dynamic Charging

## TL;DR

This paper analyzes the steady-state voltage profile and long-term voltage stability of electrified roads with wireless dynamic charging, highlighting unique voltage patterns and capacity limits for such systems.

## Contribution

It provides the first detailed steady-state and stability analysis of wireless dynamic charging roads, revealing unique voltage behaviors and capacity constraints.

## Key findings

- Unusual voltage profile shapes observed, such as half-leaf veins and harp-like patterns.
- Voltage swings occur as vehicles move on two-way roads.
- Maximum road length and vehicle count for stability are characterized.

## Abstract

Wireless dynamic charging technologies are becoming a promising alternative solution to plug-in ones as they allow on-the-move charging for electric vehicles. From a power network point of view, this type of charging makes electric vehicles a new type of loads--the moving loads. Such moving loads are different from the traditional loads as they may change their locations constantly in the grids. To study the effect of these moving loads on power distribution grids, this work focuses on the steady-state analysis of electrified roads equipped with wireless dynamic charging. In particular, the voltage profile and the long-term voltage stability of the electrified roads are considered. Unusual shapes of the voltage profile are observed such as the half-leaf veins for a one-way road and the harp-like shape for a two-way road. Voltage swings are also detected while the vehicles move in the two-way road configuration. As for the long-term voltage stability, continuation power flow is used to characterize the maximum length of a road as well as the maximum number of vehicles that the road can accommodate.