# Stability and control of power grids with diluted network topology

## TL;DR

This paper models power grid dynamics using Kuramoto oscillators with inertia on random networks, analyzing stability, control strategies, and noise effects to ensure synchronization in complex, renewable-rich power systems.

## Contribution

It introduces a numerical analysis of stability and control of power grid models with diluted topology and noise, providing new methods to stabilize unstable states.

## Key findings

- Stable and unstable solutions identified for various initial conditions.
- Control strategies proposed to stabilize solutions at high coupling.
- Impact of Gaussian noise on network stability examined.

## Abstract

In the present study we consider a random network of Kuramoto oscillators with inertia in order to mimic and investigate the dynamics emerging in high-voltage power grids. The corresponding natural frequencies are assumed to be bimodally Gaussian distributed, thus modeling the distribution of both power generators and consumers: for the stable operation of power systems these two quantities must be in balance. Since synchronization has to be ensured for a perfectly working power grid, we investigate the stability of the desired synchronized state. We solve this problem numerically for a population of N rotators regardless of the level of quenched disorder present in the topology. We obtain stable and unstable solutions for different initial phase conditions, and we propose how to control unstable solutions, for sufficiently large coupling strength, such that they are stabilized for any initial phase. Finally, we examine a random Erd\"os-Renyi network under the impact of white Gaussian noise, which is an essential ingredient for power grids in view of increasing renewable energy sources.