# Optical validation and characterization of \Planck\ PSZ2 sources at the Canary Islands observatories. I. First year of LP15 observations

## TL;DR

This study validates and characterizes Planck PSZ2 galaxy cluster candidates using optical observations from Canary Islands observatories, confirming 41 new clusters and analyzing their properties to improve catalogue accuracy.

## Contribution

It provides the largest dataset of newly confirmed PSZ2 sources without prior optical data, enhancing the understanding of cluster properties and catalogue purity.

## Key findings

- Confirmed 41 new PSZ2 cluster counterparts.
- Most confirmed clusters are rich and well aligned with Planck coordinates.
- Galactic cirrus affects optical identification of some SZ sources.

## Abstract

Using telescopes at the Canary Island observatories, we conducted the long-term observational programme 128-MULTIPLE-16/15B (LP15), a large and complete optical follow-up campaign of all the unidentified PSZ2 sources in the northern sky (Dec>-15 deg) and no correspondence in the first Planck catalogue PSZ1. We perform this optical validation of SZ clusters in order to contribute to the characterization of the actual purity and completeness of full Our validation procedure combines this optical information with SZ emission as traced by the publicly available Planck Compton y-maps. The clusters counterparts are classified according to redshift, velocity dispersion and richness of the clusters. This paper presents the detailed study of 106 objects out of the LP15 sample, corresponding to all the observations carried out during the first year of the programme. We confirmed the optical counterpart for 41 new PSZ2 sources, being 31 of them validated using also velocity dispersion based on our spectroscopic information. This is the largest dataset of newly confirmed PSZ2 sources without any previous optical information. All the confirmed counterparts are rich structures (i.e. they show high velocity dispersion), and are well aligned with the nominal Planck coordinates (~70% of them are located at less than 3 arcmin distance). In total, 65 SZ sources are classified as unconfirmed, being 57 of them due to the absence of an optical over-density, and 8 of them due to a weak association with the observed SZ decrement. Most of the sources with no optical counterpart are located at low galactic latitudes and present strong galactic cirrus in the optical images, being the dust contamination the most probable explanation for their inclusion in the PSZ2 catalogue.