Scattering studies with low-energy kaon-proton femtoscopy in proton-proton collisions at the LHC

TL;DR

This paper presents high-precision femtoscopic measurements of kaon-proton interactions in proton-proton collisions at LHC energies, revealing new evidence of isospin breaking channels and constraining low-energy QCD models.

Contribution

It provides the first experimental evidence of isospin breaking in kaon-proton interactions and offers new constraints for low-energy QCD models using femtoscopy.

Findings

Observation of a structure at 58 MeV/c in correlation function with 4.4 sigma significance.

First experimental evidence of the opening of isospin breaking channels in kaon-proton interactions.

Femtoscopy proves to be a powerful tool for studying low-energy hadronic interactions.

Abstract

The study of the strength and behaviour of the antikaon-nucleon ($\mathrm{\overline{K}N}$) interaction constitutes one of the key focuses of the strangeness sector in low-energy Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). In this letter a unique high-precision measurement of the strong interaction between kaons and protons, close and above the kinematic threshold, is presented. The femtoscopic measurements of the correlation function at low pair-frame relative momentum of (K$^+$ p $\oplus$ K$^-$ $\overline{\mathrm{p}}$) and (K$^-$ p $\oplus$ K$^+$ $\overline{\mathrm{p}}$) pairs measured in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 5, 7 and 13 TeV are reported. A structure observed around a relative momentum of 58 MeV/$c$ in the measured correlation function of (K$^-$ p $\oplus$ K$^+$ $\overline{\mathrm{p}}$) with a significance of 4.4. $\sigma$ constitutes the first experimental evidence for the opening of the $(\mathrm{\overline{K}^0 n} \oplus \mathrm{K^0 \overline{n}})$ isospin breaking channel due to the mass difference between charged and neutral kaons. The measured correlation functions have been compared to J\"{u}lich and Kyoto models in addition to the Coulomb potential. The high-precision data at low relative momenta presented in this work prove femtoscopy to be a powerful complementary tool to scattering experiments and provide new constraints above the $\mathrm{\overline{K}N}$ threshold for low-energy QCD chiral models.

Figures

Equations

$$C(k^{\ast })=(a+b\cdot k^{\ast })\cdot \left[1+\lambda \cdot (C(k^{\ast }{)}^{theoretical}-1)\right],$$

Full text

\PHyear2019 \PHnumber118 \PHdate29 May

\ShortTitleScattering studies with low-energy Kp femtoscopy in pp collisions at the LHC

\CollaborationALICE Collaboration††thanks: See Appendix A for the list of collaboration members \ShortAuthorALICE Collaboration

The study of the strength and behaviour of the antikaon-nucleon ($\mathrm{\overline{K}N}$) interaction constitutes one of the key focuses of the strangeness sector in low-energy Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). In this letter a unique high-precision measurement of the strong interaction between kaons and protons, close and above the kinematic threshold, is presented. The femtoscopic measurements of the correlation function at low pair-frame relative momentum of (K+p $\oplus$ K-$\overline{\mathrm{p}}$) and (K-p $\oplus$ K+$\overline{\mathrm{p}}$) pairs measured in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 5, 7 and 13 TeV are reported. A structure observed around a relative momentum of 58 MeV$\kern-1.49994pt/\kern-1.19995ptc$ in the measured correlation function of (K-p $\oplus$ K+$\overline{\mathrm{p}}$) with a significance of 4.4 $\sigma$ constitutes the first experimental evidence for the opening of the $(\mathrm{\overline{K}^{0}n}\oplus\mathrm{K^{0}\overline{n}})$ isospin breaking channel due to the mass difference between charged and neutral kaons. The measured correlation functions have been compared to Jülich and Kyoto models in addition to the Coulomb potential. The high-precision data at low relative momenta presented in this work prove femtoscopy to be a powerful complementary tool to scattering experiments and provide new constraints above the $\mathrm{\overline{K}N}$ threshold for low-energy QCD chiral models.

The kaon (K) nucleon (N) and anti-kaon ($\mathrm{\overline{K}}\,$)N interactions constitute the building blocks of low energy QCD with u, d and s quarks, since the effective theories aiming to describe hadron interactions in the non-perturbative energy regime are anchored to these interactions. Traditionally, the interaction of K and $\mathrm{\overline{K}}\,$ with protons and neutrons has been studied by performing scattering experiments at low energies. However, only few measurements exist and only in a limited energy range [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]. In such experiments the initial state is fixed, formed by a KN or $\mathrm{\overline{K}}\,$N pair, and cross-sections of elastic and inelastic final states are measured.

These data showed that the K and $\mathrm{\overline{K}}\,$ behavior with nucleons is very different: while the repulsive nature of K+p, due to the strong and Coulomb interactions, is well established [6], the strong interacting term of the K-p is instead deeply attractive and characterized by the presence of several coupled-channels, i.e. two-particle systems with energy close to the K-p threshold and carrying the same quantum numbers. These coupled-channels contributions are already present in the initial $\mathrm{\overline{K}}\,$N scattering wave-function and hence influence both the inelastic and the elastic processes [7].

In the K-p system, due to the strangeness $S=-1$ charge of the $\mathrm{\overline{K}}\,$, already two open coupled-channels appear below threshold: $\Lambda\uppi$ and $\Sigma\uppi$. Of particular interest is the coupling to the $\Sigma\uppi$ channel since this, along with the attractive nature of the $\mathrm{\overline{K}}\,$N interaction, leads to the appearance of the $\Lambda(1405)$ resonance just 27 MeV$\kern-1.49994pt/\kern-1.19995ptc^{2}$ below threshold. Indeed, this resonance is interpreted as the only $\Sigma\uppi$-$\mathrm{\overline{K}N}$ molecular state [8, 9, 10]. The available theoretical approaches  [11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20] are constrained above the $\mathrm{\overline{K}}\,$N threshold, but since the experimental data are scarce, these constraints are rather loose resulting in rather significant differences below threshold. Experimental constraints on the $\mathrm{\overline{K}N}$ interaction and on the interplay between both $\mathrm{\overline{K}N}$ and $\Sigma\uppi$ poles, are fundamental to reproduce the properties of the $\Lambda(1405)$ [21, 22, 23, 24, 25].

Approximately 5 MeV above threshold, the $\mathrm{\overline{K}^{0}}$n channel opens up due to the breaking of the isospin symmetry. The $\mathrm{\overline{K}}\,$n-KN coupling is also very important to understand the interaction and structure of the $\Lambda$(1405) and its effect should be visible in the total K-p cross-section measured in scattering experiments as a clear cusp-like structure for a kaon incident momentum of $p_{\mathrm{lab}}=89~{}$MeV$\kern-1.49994pt/\kern-1.19995ptc$  [26]. However, this peak has not been experimentally observed yet due to the large uncertainties of the data [3, 5, 27].

In order to constrain the contributions of the coupled-channels and to provide a complete description of the $\mathrm{\overline{K}}\,$N interaction, precise data close to threshold are needed and effects of coupled-channels lying close to threshold must be explicitly taken into account in any process between a $\mathrm{\overline{K}}\,$  and a nucleon.

The measurement of kaonic hydrogen [28], which nowadays constitutes the most precise constraint at threshold, and the obtained results on the $\mathrm{\overline{K}}\,$N scattering parameters include the coupled-channel contributions only in an effective way.

Recently, the femtoscopy technique [29, 30], which measures the correlation of particle pairs at low relative momentum, has provided high precision data on different baryon–baryon pairs [31, 32, 33], indicating a great sensitivity to the underlying strong potential. Contrary to the scattering, in femtoscopy only the final state is measured and different initial states are allowed. In the K-p system, this translates into an extreme sensitivity of the correlation function to the introduction of the different coupled-channels, which affect both shape and magnitude of the femtoscopic signal [34].

The femtoscopic measurement of Kp pairs ((K+p $\oplus$ K-$\overline{\mathrm{p}}$) and (K-p $\oplus$ K+$\overline{\mathrm{p}}$)) from pp collisions at different energies presented in this Letter shows experimentally for the first time the impact of coupled-channels effect on the momentum correlation function. Comparison with recent models including or partially including coupled-channel contributions are presented. The same-charge pairs (K+p $\oplus$ K-$\overline{\mathrm{p}}$), because of the well described interaction and the lack of coupled-channel effects, are used as a benchmark to test the sensitivity of the correlation function to the strong interaction.

The analysis presented here is based on minimum bias triggered pp collisions collected by the ALICE experiment [35] at the LHC in 2010, 2015, 2016 and 2017 at three different collision energies ($\sqrt{s}$ = 5 TeV, 7 TeV, and 13 TeV). The correlation function $C$($k^{*}$) is measured as a function of the momentum difference of the pair $k^{*}$ = $\frac{1}{2}(\vec{p_{1}}^{*}-\vec{p_{2}}^{*})$, where $\vec{p_{1}}^{*}$ and $\vec{p_{2}}^{*}$ are the momenta of the two particles in the pair rest frame. It is defined as $C$($k^{*}$) = $\mathcal{N}$ $A$($k^{*}$)/$B$($k^{*}$), where $A$($k^{*}$) is the measured distribution of pairs from the same event, $B$($k^{*}$) is the reference distribution of pairs from mixed events and $\mathcal{N}$ is a normalization parameter. The denominator, $B$($k^{*}$), is formed by mixing particles from one event with particles from a pool of other events with comparable number of charged particles at mid-rapidity [36] and comparable interval of the collision primary vertex coordinate along the beam axis, $V_{z}$ interval ($\Delta V_{z}$ = 2 cm). The normalization parameter $\mathcal{N}$ is chosen such that the mean value of the correlation function equals unity for 400 $<$ $k^{*}$ $<$ 600 MeV$\kern-1.49994pt/\kern-1.19995ptc$.

The main sub-detectors used in this analysis are: the V0 detectors [37], which are used as trigger detectors, the Inner Tracking System (ITS) [38], the Time Projection Chamber (TPC) [39] and the Time-of-Flight (TOF) detector [40]. The ITS, TPC and TOF are located inside a 0.5 T solenoidal magnetic field and are used to track and identify charged particles. In order to ensure a uniform acceptance at mid-rapidity, events were selected by requiring the $V_{z}$ of the event to be within 10 cm from the center of the ALICE detector. The rejection of pile-up is performed by exploiting the innermost silicon detector (SPD, part of ITS) vertexing capabilities, following the same procedure described in [33, 41]. After the application of the event selection criteria, about 874 million, 374 million, and 1 billion minimum bias pp events were analyzed at $\sqrt{s}$ = 5 TeV, 7 TeV, and 13 TeV, respectively.

As recently proposed in [42], in order to reduce the contribution from the mini-jet background in pp collisions, the events were classified according to their transverse sphericity ($S_{\mathrm{T}}$), an observable which is known to be correlated with the number of hard parton–parton interactions in each event [43]. An event with only one hard parton–parton interaction will generally produce a jet-like distribution that yields low sphericity, while an event with several independent hard parton–parton interactions can yield higher sphericity. To reduce the strong mini-jet background at low momenta, only events with $S_{\mathrm{T}}$, defined as in [42], larger than 0.7 were considered in this analysis.

Charged particles were tracked and selected using the same criteria described in [33]. The charged kaons and protons were identified in a wide transverse momentum ($p_{\rm T}$) interval (0.15 $<$ $p_{\rm T}$ $<$ 1.4 GeV$\kern-1.49994pt/\kern-1.19995ptc$ for kaons and 0.4 $<$ $p_{\rm T}$ $<$ 3 GeV$\kern-1.49994pt/\kern-1.19995ptc$ for protons) using the information provided by the TPC and the TOF detectors. The deviation of the measured specific ionization energy loss (d$E$/d$x$) in the TPC from the Bethe-Bloch parametrization was required to be within three standard deviations ($\sigma_{\mathrm{TPC}}$). For kaons with $p_{\rm T}$ $>$ 0.4 GeV$\kern-1.49994pt/\kern-1.19995ptc$ and protons with $p_{\rm T}$ $>$ 0.8 GeV$\kern-1.49994pt/\kern-1.19995ptc$, a similar method was applied for the particle identification using the TOF, where, on top of TPC selection, a selection based on a maximum three standard deviation difference from the expected signal at a given momentum was applied. Tracks identified ambiguously as belonging to both a proton and a kaon, were discarded. In order to remove the large fraction of e+e- pairs that can affect the extraction of the correlation function of the opposite-charge pairs, a selection on the $p_{\rm T}$ of kaon and protons was applied: kaon candidates are excluded if 0.3 <$$p_{\rm T} $<$ 0.4 GeV$\kern-1.49994pt/\kern-1.19995ptc$, while proton candidates are excluded in the interval between 0.6 $<$ $p_{\rm T}$ $<$ 0.8 GeV$\kern-1.49994pt/\kern-1.19995ptc$. The purity of the selected particle samples, determined by Monte Carlo simulations, is larger than 99% in the considered $p_{\rm T}$ intervals for all the analyzed dataset. The systematic uncertainties of the measured $C(k^{*})$ were evaluated for each $k^{*}$ interval by varying event and track selection criteria. The event sample was varied by changing the selection on the $V_{z}$ position from $\pm$ 10 cm to $\pm$ 7 cm and by varying the sphericity of the accepted events from $S_{\mathrm{T}}$ $>$ 0.7 to $S_{\mathrm{T}}$ $>$ 0.6 and $S_{\mathrm{T}}$ $>$ 0.8. Systematic uncertainties related to the track selection criteria were studied by varying the selection on the Distance of Closest Approach in the transverse plane direction within the experimental resolution. To study systematic effects related to particle identification, the number of standard deviations around the energy loss expected for kaons and protons in the TPC and, similarly, for the time-of-flight in the TOF was modified from 3$\sigma$ to 2$\sigma$. For each source, the systematic uncertainty was estimated as the root-mean-square (RMS) of the deviations. The total systematic uncertainty was calculated as the quadratic sum of each source’s contribution and amounts to about 3% in the considered $k^{*}$ intervals.

The measured correlation functions for (K+p $\oplus$ K-$\overline{\mathrm{p}}$) and (K-p $\oplus$ K+$\overline{\mathrm{p}}$) are shown in the upper panels of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. In both figures, each panel corresponds to a different collision energy, as indicated in the legend. The structure that can be seen in the (K-p $\oplus$ K+$\overline{\mathrm{p}}$) correlation function at $k^{*}$ around 240 MeV$\kern-1.49994pt/\kern-1.19995ptc$ in Fig. 2 is consistent with the $\Lambda$(1520) which decays into $\mathrm{{K}^{-}p}$, with a center-of-mass momentum for the particle pair of 243 MeV$\kern-1.49994pt/\kern-1.19995ptc$ [44]. The correlation function of (K-p $\oplus$ K+$\overline{\mathrm{p}}$) exhibits also a clear structure between 50 and 60 MeV$\kern-1.49994pt/\kern-1.19995ptc$ for the three collision energies. The $k^{*}$ position of the structure is consistent with the threshold of the $\mathrm{\overline{K}^{0}n}$ ($\mathrm{{K}^{0}\overline{n}}$) channel opening at $p_{\mathrm{lab}}$ = 89 MeV$\kern-1.49994pt/\kern-1.19995ptc$ [3, 5, 27] which corresponds to $k^{*}$ = 58 MeV$\kern-1.49994pt/\kern-1.19995ptc$. In order to quantify the significance of this structure, and since the three measured distributions are mutually compatible, the $C(k^{*})$ measured at the three different energies were summed using the number of pairs in each data sample as a weight. The resulting $C(k^{*})$ was interpolated with a spline considering the statistical uncertainties and the derivative of the spline was then evaluated [36]. A change in the slope of the derivative consistent with a cusp effect in the $k^{*}$ region between 50 and 60 MeV$\kern-1.49994pt/\kern-1.19995ptc$ at the level of 4.4$\sigma$ has been observed, to be compared with a significance of 30$\sigma$ for $\Lambda$(1520). The measurement presented here is therefore the first experimental evidence for the opening of the $\mathrm{\overline{K}^{0}n}$ ($\mathrm{{K}^{0}\overline{n}}$) channel, showing that the femtoscopy technique is a unique tool to study the $\mathrm{\overline{K}p}$ interaction and coupled-channel effects.

The experimental correlation functions were also used to test different potentials to describe the interaction between K+p (K-$\overline{\mathrm{p}}$) and K-p (K+$\overline{\mathrm{p}}$). The measured correlation function $C(k^{*})$ is compared with a theoretical function using the following equation

[TABLE]

where the baseline $(a+b\cdot k^{*})$ is introduced to take into account the remaining non-femtoscopic background contributions related to momentum-energy conservation which might be present also after the $S_{\mathrm{T}}$ selection. The slope, $b$, of the baseline is fixed from Monte Carlo simulations based on PYTHIA 6 [45] and PYTHIA 8 [46], while the normalization, $a$, is a free parameter. In order to assign a systematic uncertainty related to the slope of the baseline, the $b$ parameter has been varied by its uncertainty as obtained from the Monte Carlo simulation ($\pm$ 10%) and the fit repeated. The parameter $\lambda$ represents the fraction of primary pairs in the analyzed sample multiplied by the purity of the same sample and is fixed by fitting Monte Carlo (MC) templates to the experimental distributions of DCAxy of kaons and protons, similarly to what is described in [33].

The model correlation function, $C(k^{*})^{theoretical}$, is evaluated using the CATS framework [47]. The $\lambda$ parameters obtained for each analyzed dataset are reported in each panel of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 for same-charge and opposite-charge Kp pairs, and vary from 0.61 to 0.76 for each considered set. A systematic uncertainty of $\pm$10% is associated with the $\lambda$ parameters. This uncertainty was estimated by varying the Monte Carlo templates used in the feed-down estimation procedure based on PYTHIA 6 [45] for the analysis at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 TeV and based on PYTHIA 8 [46] for the analyses performed at $\sqrt{s}$ = 5 TeV and 13 TeV, and varying the transport code used in the simulation from GEANT3 [48] to GEANT4 [49].

The effects related to momentum resolution effects are accounted for by correcting the theoretical correlation function, similarly to what shown in [33] and [41]. The theoretical correlation function $C(k^{*})^{theoretical}$ depends not only on the interaction between particles, but also on the profile and the size of the particle emitting source. Under the assumption that there is a common Gaussian source for all particle pairs produced in pp collisions at a fixed energy, the size of the source considered in the present analysis is fixed from the baryon–baryon analyses described in [33] and [41]. The impact of strongly decaying resonances (mainly K∗ decaying into K and $\Delta$ decaying into p) on the determination of the radius for Kp pairs was studied using different Monte Carlo simulations [45, 46] and found to be 10%. This contribution was linearly added to the systematic uncertainty associated with the radius. The radii of the considered Gaussian sources are $r_{0}=1.13{\pm 0.02^{+0.17}_{-0.15}}$ fm [33] for collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 5 and 7 TeV, and $r_{0}=1.18\pm 0.01\pm 0.12$ fm [41] for the $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV collisions.

The comparison of the measured $C(k^{*})$ for same-charge Kp pairs with different models is shown in Fig. 1. Each panel presents the results at different collision energy and the comparison with two different scenarios. The blue band represents the correlation function evaluated as described in Eq. (1), assuming only the presence of the Coulomb potential to evaluate the $C(k^{*})^{theoretical}$ term. The red band represents the correlation function assuming the strong potential implemented in the Jülich model [50] in addition to the Coulomb potential. The latter has been implemented using the Gamow factor [51]. In the bottom panels, the difference between data and model evaluated in the middle of each $k^{*}$ interval, and divided by statistical error of data for the three considered collision energies are shown. The width of the bands represents the n-$\sigma$ range associated to the model variations. The reduced $\chi^{2}$ are also shown. This comparison reveals that the Coulomb interaction is not able to describe the data points, as expected, while the introduction of a strong potential allows to reproduce consistently the data when the same source radius as for baryon-baryon pairs is considered. Hence, the measured correlation functions are sensitive to the strong interaction and can be used to test different strong potentials for the K-p system, assuming a common source for all the Kp pairs produced in a collision.

Similar to Fig. 1 for like-sign pairs, Fig. 2 shows the data-model comparison for unlike-sign pairs. The measured $C(k^{*})$ is reported for the three different collision energies and the $C(k^{*})$ distributions were compared with different interaction models. Since all the models considered in this letter do not take the presence of $\Lambda$(1520) into account, only the region below 170 MeV$\kern-1.49994pt/\kern-1.19995ptc$ is considered in the comparison. The blue bands show results obtained using CATS with a Coulomb potential only.

The remaining curves include, on top of the Coulomb attraction, different descriptions of the $\mathrm{\overline{K}N}$ strong interaction. The width of each band accounts for the uncertainties in the $\lambda$ parameters, the source radius and the baseline. The light blue bands corresponds to the Kyoto model calculations with approximate boundary conditions on the K-p wave-function which neglect the contributions from $\mathrm{\Sigma\uppi}$ and $\mathrm{\Lambda\uppi}$ coupled-channels [52, 53, 54, 55, 26]. Moreover, this version of the Kyoto model is performed in the so-called isospin basis and hence does not include the mass difference between K- and $\overline{\mathrm{K}}^{0}$: no cusp-like structure are foreseen by the model in $C(k^{*})$.

The introduction of coupled-channel contributions in the correlation function has been shown to result in additional attractive terms enhancing the signal, in particular in the low $k^{*}$ region [34]. As expected, the Kyoto results clearly underestimate the data at low momenta where the $\mathrm{\Sigma\uppi}$ channel is particularly relevant.

The red bands indicate results obtained with the Jülich strong potential, recently updated to reproduce the kaonic atom results from SIDDHARTA collaboration [34]. This model includes explicitly both $\mathrm{\Sigma\uppi}$ and $\mathrm{\Lambda\uppi}$ coupled-channels below threshold and the K-– $\overline{\mathrm{K}}^{0}$ mass difference, reflected in the presence of a cusp structure. Accordingly, the comparison with data shows a better agreement with respect to the Kyoto model, but the region of $k^{*}$ below 100 MeV$\kern-1.49994pt/\kern-1.19995ptc$ is nevertheless not fully reproduced and the shape of the correlation function deviate from the data around the cusp.

The overall tension between data and the models is not surprising since the latter were fitted to only reproduce scattering data above threshold (providing constraints for k^{*}$$\geq 70 MeV$\kern-1.49994pt/\kern-1.19995ptc$) and the SIDDHARTA results at threshold [28].

To test the stability of the results, the measured $C(k^{*}$) without any $S_{\mathrm{T}}$ cut was used and the background from mini-jets and other kinetically correlated pairs was subtracted by using a Monte Carlo simulation based on PYTHIA 8 [46], using a procedure similar to the one described in [56]. Applying this method the comparison between data and models is consistent within statistical uncertainties with the one obtained using the sphericity selection.

To summarize, the momentum dependent correlations of same-charge and opposite-charge Kp pairs ((K+p $\oplus$ K-$\overline{\mathrm{p}}$) and (K-p $\oplus$ K+$\overline{\mathrm{p}}$)) were measured using the two-particle correlation function in pp collisions at different collision energies. A structure around $k^{*}$ = 58 MeV$\kern-1.49994pt/\kern-1.19995ptc$ in the measured correlation function of (K-p $\oplus$ K+$\overline{\mathrm{p}}$) was observed. The significance of such a structure was evaluated by combining the results from the three analyzed datasets and by interpolating the total correlation function with a spline. By studying the variation in the slope of the derivative of such spline in the range $50~{}\leq k^{\ast}\leq 60$ MeV$\kern-1.49994pt/\kern-1.19995ptc$, the kinematic cusp was assessed at a $4.4\sigma$ level. The observed structure is consistent with the opening of the $\mathrm{\overline{K}^{0}n}$ channel ($p_{\mathrm{lab}}\sim$ 89 MeV$\kern-1.49994pt/\kern-1.19995ptc$). This measurement represents the first experimental evidence for the $\mathrm{\overline{K}^{0}n}$ ($\mathrm{{K}^{0}\overline{n}}$) isospin breaking coupled-channel and shows experimentally the effect of coupled-channel contributions on the correlation function.

The measured $C({k^{*}})$ were compared to different interaction scenarios. The (K+p $\oplus$ K-$\overline{\mathrm{p}}$) correlation functions were proven to be sensitive to the strong interaction, since a Coulomb-only hypothesis is insufficient to describe the data. The inclusion of the strong interaction via the Jülich model results in a reasonable description of the data within uncertainties. The (K-p $\oplus$ K+$\overline{\mathrm{p}}$) correlation functions at low $k^{*}$ cannot be fully reproduced by the considered potentials. Nevertheless, model including explicitly coupled-channel contributions shows a better agreement with data. The data presented here represent the most precise experimental information for the KN interaction and provide new constraints for future low-energy phenomenological QCD calculations can be used to shed light on the nature of the $\overline{\mathrm{K}}$N interaction.

Acknowledgements

The ALICE Collaboration is grateful to Prof. Tetsuo Hyodo and Prof. Johann Haidenbauer for the valuable suggestions and discussions.

The ALICE Collaboration would like to thank all its engineers and technicians for their invaluable contributions to the construction of the experiment and the CERN accelerator teams for the outstanding performance of the LHC complex. The ALICE Collaboration gratefully acknowledges the resources and support provided by all Grid centres and the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid (WLCG) collaboration. The ALICE Collaboration acknowledges the following funding agencies for their support in building and running the ALICE detector: A. I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute) Foundation (ANSL), State Committee of Science and World Federation of Scientists (WFS), Armenia; Austrian Academy of Sciences, Austrian Science Fund (FWF): [M 2467-N36] and Nationalstiftung für Forschung, Technologie und Entwicklung, Austria; Ministry of Communications and High Technologies, National Nuclear Research Center, Azerbaijan; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (Finep) and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), Brazil; Ministry of Science & Technology of China (MSTC), National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) and Ministry of Education of China (MOEC) , China; Croatian Science Foundation and Ministry of Science and Education, Croatia; Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN), Cubaenergía, Cuba; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic; The Danish Council for Independent Research — Natural Sciences, the Carlsberg Foundation and Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF), Denmark; Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP), Finland; Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique (CEA), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules (IN2P3) and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and Région des Pays de la Loire, France; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) and GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Germany; General Secretariat for Research and Technology, Ministry of Education, Research and Religions, Greece; National Research, Development and Innovation Office, Hungary; Department of Atomic Energy Government of India (DAE), Department of Science and Technology, Government of India (DST), University Grants Commission, Government of India (UGC) and Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), India; Indonesian Institute of Science, Indonesia; Centro Fermi - Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Italy; Institute for Innovative Science and Technology , Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science (IIST), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI and Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia (CONACYT) y Tecnología, through Fondo de Cooperación Internacional en Ciencia y Tecnología (FONCICYT) and Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Academico (DGAPA), Mexico; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), Netherlands; The Research Council of Norway, Norway; Commission on Science and Technology for Sustainable Development in the South (COMSATS), Pakistan; Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Peru; Ministry of Science and Higher Education and National Science Centre, Poland; Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information and National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), Republic of Korea; Ministry of Education and Scientific Research, Institute of Atomic Physics and Ministry of Research and Innovation and Institute of Atomic Physics, Romania; Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Russian Science Foundation and Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Russia; Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic, Slovakia; National Research Foundation of South Africa, South Africa; Swedish Research Council (VR) and Knut & Alice Wallenberg Foundation (KAW), Sweden; European Organization for Nuclear Research, Switzerland; National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSDTA), Suranaree University of Technology (SUT) and Office of the Higher Education Commission under NRU project of Thailand, Thailand; Turkish Atomic Energy Agency (TAEK), Turkey; National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine; Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), United Kingdom; National Science Foundation of the United States of America (NSF) and United States Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics (DOE NP), United States of America.

Appendix A The ALICE Collaboration

S. Acharya\Irefnorg141&D. Adamová\Irefnorg93&S.P. Adhya\Irefnorg141&A. Adler\Irefnorg74&J. Adolfsson\Irefnorg80&M.M. Aggarwal\Irefnorg98&G. Aglieri Rinella\Irefnorg34&M. Agnello\Irefnorg31&N. Agrawal\Irefnorg10&Z. Ahammed\Irefnorg141&S. Ahmad\Irefnorg17&S.U. Ahn\Irefnorg76&S. Aiola\Irefnorg146&A. Akindinov\Irefnorg64&M. Al-Turany\Irefnorg105&S.N. Alam\Irefnorg141&D.S.D. Albuquerque\Irefnorg122&D. Aleksandrov\Irefnorg87&B. Alessandro\Irefnorg58&H.M. Alfanda\Irefnorg6&R. Alfaro Molina\Irefnorg72&B. Ali\Irefnorg17&Y. Ali\Irefnorg15&A. Alici\Irefnorg10,\Irefnorg53,\Irefnorg27&A. Alkin\Irefnorg2&J. Alme\Irefnorg22&T. Alt\Irefnorg69&L. Altenkamper\Irefnorg22&I. Altsybeev\Irefnorg112&M.N. Anaam\Irefnorg6&C. Andrei\Irefnorg47&D. Andreou\Irefnorg34&H.A. Andrews\Irefnorg109&A. Andronic\Irefnorg144&M. Angeletti\Irefnorg34&V. Anguelov\Irefnorg102&C. Anson\Irefnorg16&T. Antičić\Irefnorg106&F. Antinori\Irefnorg56&P. Antonioli\Irefnorg53&R. Anwar\Irefnorg126&N. Apadula\Irefnorg79&L. Aphecetche\Irefnorg114&H. Appelshäuser\Irefnorg69&S. Arcelli\Irefnorg27&R. Arnaldi\Irefnorg58&M. Arratia\Irefnorg79&I.C. Arsene\Irefnorg21&M. Arslandok\Irefnorg102&A. Augustinus\Irefnorg34&R. Averbeck\Irefnorg105&S. Aziz\Irefnorg61&M.D. Azmi\Irefnorg17&A. Badalà\Irefnorg55&Y.W. Baek\Irefnorg40&S. Bagnasco\Irefnorg58&R. Bailhache\Irefnorg69&R. Bala\Irefnorg99&A. Baldisseri\Irefnorg137&M. Ball\Irefnorg42&R.C. Baral\Irefnorg85&R. Barbera\Irefnorg28&L. Barioglio\Irefnorg26&G.G. Barnaföldi\Irefnorg145&L.S. Barnby\Irefnorg92&V. Barret\Irefnorg134&P. Bartalini\Irefnorg6&K. Barth\Irefnorg34&E. Bartsch\Irefnorg69&F. Baruffaldi\Irefnorg29&N. Bastid\Irefnorg134&S. Basu\Irefnorg143&G. Batigne\Irefnorg114&B. Batyunya\Irefnorg75&P.C. Batzing\Irefnorg21&D. Bauri\Irefnorg48&J.L. Bazo Alba\Irefnorg110&I.G. Bearden\Irefnorg88&C. Bedda\Irefnorg63&N.K. Behera\Irefnorg60&I. Belikov\Irefnorg136&F. Bellini\Irefnorg34&R. Bellwied\Irefnorg126&V. Belyaev\Irefnorg91&G. Bencedi\Irefnorg145&S. Beole\Irefnorg26&A. Bercuci\Irefnorg47&Y. Berdnikov\Irefnorg96&D. Berenyi\Irefnorg145&R.A. Bertens\Irefnorg130&D. Berzano\Irefnorg58&L. Betev\Irefnorg34&A. Bhasin\Irefnorg99&I.R. Bhat\Irefnorg99&H. Bhatt\Irefnorg48&B. Bhattacharjee\Irefnorg41&A. Bianchi\Irefnorg26&L. Bianchi\Irefnorg126,\Irefnorg26&N. Bianchi\Irefnorg51&J. Bielčík\Irefnorg37&J. Bielčíková\Irefnorg93&A. Bilandzic\Irefnorg103,\Irefnorg117&G. Biro\Irefnorg145&R. Biswas\Irefnorg3&S. Biswas\Irefnorg3&J.T. Blair\Irefnorg119&D. Blau\Irefnorg87&C. Blume\Irefnorg69&G. Boca\Irefnorg139&F. Bock\Irefnorg34,\Irefnorg94&A. Bogdanov\Irefnorg91&L. Boldizsár\Irefnorg145&A. Bolozdynya\Irefnorg91&M. Bombara\Irefnorg38&G. Bonomi\Irefnorg140&M. Bonora\Irefnorg34&H. Borel\Irefnorg137&A. Borissov\Irefnorg144,\Irefnorg91&M. Borri\Irefnorg128&H. Bossi\Irefnorg146&E. Botta\Irefnorg26&C. Bourjau\Irefnorg88&L. Bratrud\Irefnorg69&P. Braun-Munzinger\Irefnorg105&M. Bregant\Irefnorg121&T.A. Broker\Irefnorg69&M. Broz\Irefnorg37&E.J. Brucken\Irefnorg43&E. Bruna\Irefnorg58&G.E. Bruno\Irefnorg33,\Irefnorg104&M.D. Buckland\Irefnorg128&D. Budnikov\Irefnorg107&H. Buesching\Irefnorg69&S. Bufalino\Irefnorg31&O. Bugnon\Irefnorg114&P. Buhler\Irefnorg113&P. Buncic\Irefnorg34&O. Busch\Irefnorg133\Areforg*&Z. Buthelezi\Irefnorg73&J.B. Butt\Irefnorg15&J.T. Buxton\Irefnorg95&D. Caffarri\Irefnorg89&A. Caliva\Irefnorg105&E. Calvo Villar\Irefnorg110&R.S. Camacho\Irefnorg44&P. Camerini\Irefnorg25&A.A. Capon\Irefnorg113&F. Carnesecchi\Irefnorg10&J. Castillo Castellanos\Irefnorg137&A.J. Castro\Irefnorg130&E.A.R. Casula\Irefnorg54&F. Catalano\Irefnorg31&C. Ceballos Sanchez\Irefnorg52&P. Chakraborty\Irefnorg48&S. Chandra\Irefnorg141&B. Chang\Irefnorg127&W. Chang\Irefnorg6&S. Chapeland\Irefnorg34&M. Chartier\Irefnorg128&S. Chattopadhyay\Irefnorg141&S. Chattopadhyay\Irefnorg108&A. Chauvin\Irefnorg24&C. Cheshkov\Irefnorg135&B. Cheynis\Irefnorg135&V. Chibante Barroso\Irefnorg34&D.D. Chinellato\Irefnorg122&S. Cho\Irefnorg60&P. Chochula\Irefnorg34&T. Chowdhury\Irefnorg134&P. Christakoglou\Irefnorg89&C.H. Christensen\Irefnorg88&P. Christiansen\Irefnorg80&T. Chujo\Irefnorg133&C. Cicalo\Irefnorg54&L. Cifarelli\Irefnorg10,\Irefnorg27&F. Cindolo\Irefnorg53&J. Cleymans\Irefnorg125&F. Colamaria\Irefnorg52&D. Colella\Irefnorg52&A. Collu\Irefnorg79&M. Colocci\Irefnorg27&M. Concas\Irefnorg58\AreforgI&G. Conesa Balbastre\Irefnorg78&Z. Conesa del Valle\Irefnorg61&G. Contin\Irefnorg128&J.G. Contreras\Irefnorg37&T.M. Cormier\Irefnorg94&Y. Corrales Morales\Irefnorg26,\Irefnorg58&P. Cortese\Irefnorg32&M.R. Cosentino\Irefnorg123&F. Costa\Irefnorg34&S. Costanza\Irefnorg139&J. Crkovská\Irefnorg61&P. Crochet\Irefnorg134&E. Cuautle\Irefnorg70&L. Cunqueiro\Irefnorg94&D. Dabrowski\Irefnorg142&T. Dahms\Irefnorg103,\Irefnorg117&A. Dainese\Irefnorg56&F.P.A. Damas\Irefnorg137,\Irefnorg114&S. Dani\Irefnorg66&M.C. Danisch\Irefnorg102&A. Danu\Irefnorg68&D. Das\Irefnorg108&I. Das\Irefnorg108&S. Das\Irefnorg3&A. Dash\Irefnorg85&S. Dash\Irefnorg48&A. Dashi\Irefnorg103&S. De\Irefnorg85,\Irefnorg49&A. De Caro\Irefnorg30&G. de Cataldo\Irefnorg52&C. de Conti\Irefnorg121&J. de Cuveland\Irefnorg39&A. De Falco\Irefnorg24&D. De Gruttola\Irefnorg10&N. De Marco\Irefnorg58&S. De Pasquale\Irefnorg30&R.D. De Souza\Irefnorg122&S. Deb\Irefnorg49&H.F. Degenhardt\Irefnorg121&A. Deisting\Irefnorg102,\Irefnorg105&K.R. Deja\Irefnorg142&A. Deloff\Irefnorg84&S. Delsanto\Irefnorg131,\Irefnorg26&P. Dhankher\Irefnorg48&D. Di Bari\Irefnorg33&A. Di Mauro\Irefnorg34&R.A. Diaz\Irefnorg8&T. Dietel\Irefnorg125&P. Dillenseger\Irefnorg69&Y. Ding\Irefnorg6&R. Divià\Irefnorg34&Ø. Djuvsland\Irefnorg22&U. Dmitrieva\Irefnorg62&A. Dobrin\Irefnorg34,\Irefnorg68&B. Dönigus\Irefnorg69&O. Dordic\Irefnorg21&A.K. Dubey\Irefnorg141&A. Dubla\Irefnorg105&S. Dudi\Irefnorg98&A.K. Duggal\Irefnorg98&M. Dukhishyam\Irefnorg85&P. Dupieux\Irefnorg134&R.J. Ehlers\Irefnorg146&D. Elia\Irefnorg52&H. Engel\Irefnorg74&E. Epple\Irefnorg146&B. Erazmus\Irefnorg114&F. Erhardt\Irefnorg97&A. Erokhin\Irefnorg112&M.R. Ersdal\Irefnorg22&B. Espagnon\Irefnorg61&G. Eulisse\Irefnorg34&J. Eum\Irefnorg18&D. Evans\Irefnorg109&S. Evdokimov\Irefnorg90&L. Fabbietti\Irefnorg117,\Irefnorg103&M. Faggin\Irefnorg29&J. Faivre\Irefnorg78&A. Fantoni\Irefnorg51&M. Fasel\Irefnorg94&P. Fecchio\Irefnorg31&L. Feldkamp\Irefnorg144&A. Feliciello\Irefnorg58&G. Feofilov\Irefnorg112&A. Fernández Téllez\Irefnorg44&A. Ferrero\Irefnorg137&A. Ferretti\Irefnorg26&A. Festanti\Irefnorg34&V.J.G. Feuillard\Irefnorg102&J. Figiel\Irefnorg118&S. Filchagin\Irefnorg107&D. Finogeev\Irefnorg62&F.M. Fionda\Irefnorg22&G. Fiorenza\Irefnorg52&F. Flor\Irefnorg126&S. Foertsch\Irefnorg73&P. Foka\Irefnorg105&S. Fokin\Irefnorg87&E. Fragiacomo\Irefnorg59&A. Francisco\Irefnorg114&U. Frankenfeld\Irefnorg105&G.G. Fronze\Irefnorg26&U. Fuchs\Irefnorg34&C. Furget\Irefnorg78&A. Furs\Irefnorg62&M. Fusco Girard\Irefnorg30&J.J. Gaardhøje\Irefnorg88&M. Gagliardi\Irefnorg26&A.M. Gago\Irefnorg110&A. Gal\Irefnorg136&C.D. Galvan\Irefnorg120&P. Ganoti\Irefnorg83&C. Garabatos\Irefnorg105&E. Garcia-Solis\Irefnorg11&K. Garg\Irefnorg28&C. Gargiulo\Irefnorg34&K. Garner\Irefnorg144&P. Gasik\Irefnorg103,\Irefnorg117&E.F. Gauger\Irefnorg119&M.B. Gay Ducati\Irefnorg71&M. Germain\Irefnorg114&J. Ghosh\Irefnorg108&P. Ghosh\Irefnorg141&S.K. Ghosh\Irefnorg3&P. Gianotti\Irefnorg51&P. Giubellino\Irefnorg105,\Irefnorg58&P. Giubilato\Irefnorg29&P. Glässel\Irefnorg102&D.M. Goméz Coral\Irefnorg72&A. Gomez Ramirez\Irefnorg74&V. Gonzalez\Irefnorg105&P. González-Zamora\Irefnorg44&S. Gorbunov\Irefnorg39&L. Görlich\Irefnorg118&S. Gotovac\Irefnorg35&V. Grabski\Irefnorg72&L.K. Graczykowski\Irefnorg142&K.L. Graham\Irefnorg109&L. Greiner\Irefnorg79&A. Grelli\Irefnorg63&C. Grigoras\Irefnorg34&V. Grigoriev\Irefnorg91&A. Grigoryan\Irefnorg1&S. Grigoryan\Irefnorg75&O.S. Groettvik\Irefnorg22&J.M. Gronefeld\Irefnorg105&F. Grosa\Irefnorg31&J.F. Grosse-Oetringhaus\Irefnorg34&R. Grosso\Irefnorg105&R. Guernane\Irefnorg78&B. Guerzoni\Irefnorg27&M. Guittiere\Irefnorg114&K. Gulbrandsen\Irefnorg88&T. Gunji\Irefnorg132&A. Gupta\Irefnorg99&R. Gupta\Irefnorg99&I.B. Guzman\Irefnorg44&R. Haake\Irefnorg146,\Irefnorg34&M.K. Habib\Irefnorg105&C. Hadjidakis\Irefnorg61&H. Hamagaki\Irefnorg81&G. Hamar\Irefnorg145&M. Hamid\Irefnorg6&J.C. Hamon\Irefnorg136&R. Hannigan\Irefnorg119&M.R. Haque\Irefnorg63&A. Harlenderova\Irefnorg105&J.W. Harris\Irefnorg146&A. Harton\Irefnorg11&H. Hassan\Irefnorg78&D. Hatzifotiadou\Irefnorg10,\Irefnorg53&P. Hauer\Irefnorg42&S. Hayashi\Irefnorg132&S.T. Heckel\Irefnorg69&E. Hellbär\Irefnorg69&H. Helstrup\Irefnorg36&A. Herghelegiu\Irefnorg47&E.G. Hernandez\Irefnorg44&G. Herrera Corral\Irefnorg9&F. Herrmann\Irefnorg144&K.F. Hetland\Irefnorg36&T.E. Hilden\Irefnorg43&H. Hillemanns\Irefnorg34&C. Hills\Irefnorg128&B. Hippolyte\Irefnorg136&B. Hohlweger\Irefnorg103&D. Horak\Irefnorg37&S. Hornung\Irefnorg105&R. Hosokawa\Irefnorg133&P. Hristov\Irefnorg34&C. Huang\Irefnorg61&C. Hughes\Irefnorg130&P. Huhn\Irefnorg69&T.J. Humanic\Irefnorg95&H. Hushnud\Irefnorg108&L.A. Husova\Irefnorg144&N. Hussain\Irefnorg41&S.A. Hussain\Irefnorg15&T. Hussain\Irefnorg17&D. Hutter\Irefnorg39&D.S. Hwang\Irefnorg19&J.P. Iddon\Irefnorg128&R. Ilkaev\Irefnorg107&M. Inaba\Irefnorg133&M. Ippolitov\Irefnorg87&M.S. Islam\Irefnorg108&M. Ivanov\Irefnorg105&V. Ivanov\Irefnorg96&V. Izucheev\Irefnorg90&B. Jacak\Irefnorg79&N. Jacazio\Irefnorg27&P.M. Jacobs\Irefnorg79&M.B. Jadhav\Irefnorg48&S. Jadlovska\Irefnorg116&J. Jadlovsky\Irefnorg116&S. Jaelani\Irefnorg63&C. Jahnke\Irefnorg121&M.J. Jakubowska\Irefnorg142&M.A. Janik\Irefnorg142&M. Jercic\Irefnorg97&O. Jevons\Irefnorg109&R.T. Jimenez Bustamante\Irefnorg105&M. Jin\Irefnorg126&F. Jonas\Irefnorg144,\Irefnorg94&P.G. Jones\Irefnorg109&A. Jusko\Irefnorg109&P. Kalinak\Irefnorg65&A. Kalweit\Irefnorg34&J.H. Kang\Irefnorg147&V. Kaplin\Irefnorg91&S. Kar\Irefnorg6&A. Karasu Uysal\Irefnorg77&O. Karavichev\Irefnorg62&T. Karavicheva\Irefnorg62&P. Karczmarczyk\Irefnorg34&E. Karpechev\Irefnorg62&U. Kebschull\Irefnorg74&R. Keidel\Irefnorg46&M. Keil\Irefnorg34&B. Ketzer\Irefnorg42&Z. Khabanova\Irefnorg89&A.M. Khan\Irefnorg6&S. Khan\Irefnorg17&S.A. Khan\Irefnorg141&A. Khanzadeev\Irefnorg96&Y. Kharlov\Irefnorg90&A. Khatun\Irefnorg17&A. Khuntia\Irefnorg118,\Irefnorg49&B. Kileng\Irefnorg36&B. Kim\Irefnorg60&B. Kim\Irefnorg133&D. Kim\Irefnorg147&D.J. Kim\Irefnorg127&E.J. Kim\Irefnorg13&H. Kim\Irefnorg147&J.S. Kim\Irefnorg40&J. Kim\Irefnorg102&J. Kim\Irefnorg147&J. Kim\Irefnorg13&M. Kim\Irefnorg102&S. Kim\Irefnorg19&T. Kim\Irefnorg147&T. Kim\Irefnorg147&K. Kindra\Irefnorg98&S. Kirsch\Irefnorg39&I. Kisel\Irefnorg39&S. Kiselev\Irefnorg64&A. Kisiel\Irefnorg142&J.L. Klay\Irefnorg5&C. Klein\Irefnorg69&J. Klein\Irefnorg58&S. Klein\Irefnorg79&C. Klein-Bösing\Irefnorg144&S. Klewin\Irefnorg102&A. Kluge\Irefnorg34&M.L. Knichel\Irefnorg34&A.G. Knospe\Irefnorg126&C. Kobdaj\Irefnorg115&M.K. Köhler\Irefnorg102&T. Kollegger\Irefnorg105&A. Kondratyev\Irefnorg75&N. Kondratyeva\Irefnorg91&E. Kondratyuk\Irefnorg90&P.J. Konopka\Irefnorg34&L. Koska\Irefnorg116&O. Kovalenko\Irefnorg84&V. Kovalenko\Irefnorg112&M. Kowalski\Irefnorg118&I. Králik\Irefnorg65&A. Kravčáková\Irefnorg38&L. Kreis\Irefnorg105&M. Krivda\Irefnorg65,\Irefnorg109&F. Krizek\Irefnorg93&K. Krizkova Gajdosova\Irefnorg37&M. Krüger\Irefnorg69&E. Kryshen\Irefnorg96&M. Krzewicki\Irefnorg39&A.M. Kubera\Irefnorg95&V. Kučera\Irefnorg60&C. Kuhn\Irefnorg136&P.G. Kuijer\Irefnorg89&L. Kumar\Irefnorg98&S. Kumar\Irefnorg48&S. Kundu\Irefnorg85&P. Kurashvili\Irefnorg84&A. Kurepin\Irefnorg62&A.B. Kurepin\Irefnorg62&S. Kushpil\Irefnorg93&J. Kvapil\Irefnorg109&M.J. Kweon\Irefnorg60&Y. Kwon\Irefnorg147&S.L. La Pointe\Irefnorg39&P. La Rocca\Irefnorg28&Y.S. Lai\Irefnorg79&R. Langoy\Irefnorg124&K. Lapidus\Irefnorg34,\Irefnorg146&A. Lardeux\Irefnorg21&P. Larionov\Irefnorg51&E. Laudi\Irefnorg34&R. Lavicka\Irefnorg37&T. Lazareva\Irefnorg112&R. Lea\Irefnorg25&L. Leardini\Irefnorg102&S. Lee\Irefnorg147&F. Lehas\Irefnorg89&S. Lehner\Irefnorg113&J. Lehrbach\Irefnorg39&R.C. Lemmon\Irefnorg92&I. León Monzón\Irefnorg120&E.D. Lesser\Irefnorg20&M. Lettrich\Irefnorg34&P. Lévai\Irefnorg145&X. Li\Irefnorg12&X.L. Li\Irefnorg6&J. Lien\Irefnorg124&R. Lietava\Irefnorg109&B. Lim\Irefnorg18&S. Lindal\Irefnorg21&V. Lindenstruth\Irefnorg39&S.W. Lindsay\Irefnorg128&C. Lippmann\Irefnorg105&M.A. Lisa\Irefnorg95&V. Litichevskyi\Irefnorg43&A. Liu\Irefnorg79&S. Liu\Irefnorg95&H.M. Ljunggren\Irefnorg80&W.J. Llope\Irefnorg143&I.M. Lofnes\Irefnorg22&V. Loginov\Irefnorg91&C. Loizides\Irefnorg94&P. Loncar\Irefnorg35&X. Lopez\Irefnorg134&E. López Torres\Irefnorg8&P. Luettig\Irefnorg69&J.R. Luhder\Irefnorg144&M. Lunardon\Irefnorg29&G. Luparello\Irefnorg59&M. Lupi\Irefnorg34&A. Maevskaya\Irefnorg62&M. Mager\Irefnorg34&S.M. Mahmood\Irefnorg21&T. Mahmoud\Irefnorg42&A. Maire\Irefnorg136&R.D. Majka\Irefnorg146&M. Malaev\Irefnorg96&Q.W. Malik\Irefnorg21&L. Malinina\Irefnorg75\AreforgII&D. Mal’Kevich\Irefnorg64&P. Malzacher\Irefnorg105&A. Mamonov\Irefnorg107&V. Manko\Irefnorg87&F. Manso\Irefnorg134&V. Manzari\Irefnorg52&Y. Mao\Irefnorg6&M. Marchisone\Irefnorg135&J. Mareš\Irefnorg67&G.V. Margagliotti\Irefnorg25&A. Margotti\Irefnorg53&J. Margutti\Irefnorg63&A. Marín\Irefnorg105&C. Markert\Irefnorg119&M. Marquard\Irefnorg69&N.A. Martin\Irefnorg102&P. Martinengo\Irefnorg34&J.L. Martinez\Irefnorg126&M.I. Martínez\Irefnorg44&G. Martínez García\Irefnorg114&M. Martinez Pedreira\Irefnorg34&S. Masciocchi\Irefnorg105&M. Masera\Irefnorg26&A. Masoni\Irefnorg54&L. Massacrier\Irefnorg61&E. Masson\Irefnorg114&A. Mastroserio\Irefnorg52,\Irefnorg138&A.M. Mathis\Irefnorg103,\Irefnorg117&P.F.T. Matuoka\Irefnorg121&A. Matyja\Irefnorg118&C. Mayer\Irefnorg118&M. Mazzilli\Irefnorg33&M.A. Mazzoni\Irefnorg57&A.F. Mechler\Irefnorg69&F. Meddi\Irefnorg23&Y. Melikyan\Irefnorg91&A. Menchaca-Rocha\Irefnorg72&E. Meninno\Irefnorg30&M. Meres\Irefnorg14&S. Mhlanga\Irefnorg125&Y. Miake\Irefnorg133&L. Micheletti\Irefnorg26&M.M. Mieskolainen\Irefnorg43&D.L. Mihaylov\Irefnorg103&K. Mikhaylov\Irefnorg64,\Irefnorg75&A. Mischke\Irefnorg63\Areforg*&A.N. Mishra\Irefnorg70&D. Miśkowiec\Irefnorg105&C.M. Mitu\Irefnorg68&N. Mohammadi\Irefnorg34&A.P. Mohanty\Irefnorg63&B. Mohanty\Irefnorg85&M. Mohisin Khan\Irefnorg17\AreforgIII&M. Mondal\Irefnorg141&M.M. Mondal\Irefnorg66&C. Mordasini\Irefnorg103&D.A. Moreira De Godoy\Irefnorg144&L.A.P. Moreno\Irefnorg44&S. Moretto\Irefnorg29&A. Morreale\Irefnorg114&A. Morsch\Irefnorg34&T. Mrnjavac\Irefnorg34&V. Muccifora\Irefnorg51&E. Mudnic\Irefnorg35&D. Mühlheim\Irefnorg144&S. Muhuri\Irefnorg141&J.D. Mulligan\Irefnorg79,\Irefnorg146&M.G. Munhoz\Irefnorg121&K. Münning\Irefnorg42&R.H. Munzer\Irefnorg69&H. Murakami\Irefnorg132&S. Murray\Irefnorg73&L. Musa\Irefnorg34&J. Musinsky\Irefnorg65&C.J. Myers\Irefnorg126&J.W. Myrcha\Irefnorg142&B. Naik\Irefnorg48&R. Nair\Irefnorg84&B.K. Nandi\Irefnorg48&R. Nania\Irefnorg10,\Irefnorg53&E. Nappi\Irefnorg52&M.U. Naru\Irefnorg15&A.F. Nassirpour\Irefnorg80&H. Natal da Luz\Irefnorg121&C. Nattrass\Irefnorg130&R. Nayak\Irefnorg48&T.K. Nayak\Irefnorg85,\Irefnorg141&S. Nazarenko\Irefnorg107&R.A. Negrao De Oliveira\Irefnorg69&L. Nellen\Irefnorg70&S.V. Nesbo\Irefnorg36&G. Neskovic\Irefnorg39&B.S. Nielsen\Irefnorg88&S. Nikolaev\Irefnorg87&S. Nikulin\Irefnorg87&V. Nikulin\Irefnorg96&F. Noferini\Irefnorg10,\Irefnorg53&P. Nomokonov\Irefnorg75&G. Nooren\Irefnorg63&J. Norman\Irefnorg78&P. Nowakowski\Irefnorg142&A. Nyanin\Irefnorg87&J. Nystrand\Irefnorg22&M. Ogino\Irefnorg81&A. Ohlson\Irefnorg102&J. Oleniacz\Irefnorg142&A.C. Oliveira Da Silva\Irefnorg121&M.H. Oliver\Irefnorg146&J. Onderwaater\Irefnorg105&C. Oppedisano\Irefnorg58&R. Orava\Irefnorg43&A. Ortiz Velasquez\Irefnorg70&A. Oskarsson\Irefnorg80&J. Otwinowski\Irefnorg118&K. Oyama\Irefnorg81&Y. Pachmayer\Irefnorg102&V. Pacik\Irefnorg88&D. Pagano\Irefnorg140&G. Paić\Irefnorg70&P. Palni\Irefnorg6&J. Pan\Irefnorg143&A.K. Pandey\Irefnorg48&S. Panebianco\Irefnorg137&V. Papikyan\Irefnorg1&P. Pareek\Irefnorg49&J. Park\Irefnorg60&J.E. Parkkila\Irefnorg127&S. Parmar\Irefnorg98&A. Passfeld\Irefnorg144&S.P. Pathak\Irefnorg126&R.N. Patra\Irefnorg141&B. Paul\Irefnorg58&H. Pei\Irefnorg6&T. Peitzmann\Irefnorg63&X. Peng\Irefnorg6&L.G. Pereira\Irefnorg71&H. Pereira Da Costa\Irefnorg137&D. Peresunko\Irefnorg87&G.M. Perez\Irefnorg8&E. Perez Lezama\Irefnorg69&V. Peskov\Irefnorg69&Y. Pestov\Irefnorg4&V. Petráček\Irefnorg37&M. Petrovici\Irefnorg47&R.P. Pezzi\Irefnorg71&S. Piano\Irefnorg59&M. Pikna\Irefnorg14&P. Pillot\Irefnorg114&L.O.D.L. Pimentel\Irefnorg88&O. Pinazza\Irefnorg53,\Irefnorg34&L. Pinsky\Irefnorg126&S. Pisano\Irefnorg51&D.B. Piyarathna\Irefnorg126&M. Płoskoń\Irefnorg79&M. Planinic\Irefnorg97&F. Pliquett\Irefnorg69&J. Pluta\Irefnorg142&S. Pochybova\Irefnorg145&M.G. Poghosyan\Irefnorg94&B. Polichtchouk\Irefnorg90&N. Poljak\Irefnorg97&W. Poonsawat\Irefnorg115&A. Pop\Irefnorg47&H. Poppenborg\Irefnorg144&S. Porteboeuf-Houssais\Irefnorg134&V. Pozdniakov\Irefnorg75&S.K. Prasad\Irefnorg3&R. Preghenella\Irefnorg53&F. Prino\Irefnorg58&C.A. Pruneau\Irefnorg143&I. Pshenichnov\Irefnorg62&M. Puccio\Irefnorg26,\Irefnorg34&V. Punin\Irefnorg107&K. Puranapanda\Irefnorg141&J. Putschke\Irefnorg143&R.E. Quishpe\Irefnorg126&S. Ragoni\Irefnorg109&S. Raha\Irefnorg3&S. Rajput\Irefnorg99&J. Rak\Irefnorg127&A. Rakotozafindrabe\Irefnorg137&L. Ramello\Irefnorg32&F. Rami\Irefnorg136&R. Raniwala\Irefnorg100&S. Raniwala\Irefnorg100&S.S. Räsänen\Irefnorg43&B.T. Rascanu\Irefnorg69&R. Rath\Irefnorg49&V. Ratza\Irefnorg42&I. Ravasenga\Irefnorg31&K.F. Read\Irefnorg130,\Irefnorg94&K. Redlich\Irefnorg84\AreforgIV&A. Rehman\Irefnorg22&P. Reichelt\Irefnorg69&F. Reidt\Irefnorg34&X. Ren\Irefnorg6&R. Renfordt\Irefnorg69&A. Reshetin\Irefnorg62&J.-P. Revol\Irefnorg10&K. Reygers\Irefnorg102&V. Riabov\Irefnorg96&T. Richert\Irefnorg80,\Irefnorg88&M. Richter\Irefnorg21&P. Riedler\Irefnorg34&W. Riegler\Irefnorg34&F. Riggi\Irefnorg28&C. Ristea\Irefnorg68&S.P. Rode\Irefnorg49&M. Rodríguez Cahuantzi\Irefnorg44&K. Røed\Irefnorg21&R. Rogalev\Irefnorg90&E. Rogochaya\Irefnorg75&D. Rohr\Irefnorg34&D. Röhrich\Irefnorg22&P.S. Rokita\Irefnorg142&F. Ronchetti\Irefnorg51&E.D. Rosas\Irefnorg70&K. Roslon\Irefnorg142&P. Rosnet\Irefnorg134&A. Rossi\Irefnorg56,\Irefnorg29&A. Rotondi\Irefnorg139&F. Roukoutakis\Irefnorg83&A. Roy\Irefnorg49&P. Roy\Irefnorg108&O.V. Rueda\Irefnorg80&R. Rui\Irefnorg25&B. Rumyantsev\Irefnorg75&A. Rustamov\Irefnorg86&E. Ryabinkin\Irefnorg87&Y. Ryabov\Irefnorg96&A. Rybicki\Irefnorg118&H. Rytkonen\Irefnorg127&S. Saarinen\Irefnorg43&S. Sadhu\Irefnorg141&S. Sadovsky\Irefnorg90&K. Šafařík\Irefnorg37,\Irefnorg34&S.K. Saha\Irefnorg141&B. Sahoo\Irefnorg48&P. Sahoo\Irefnorg49&R. Sahoo\Irefnorg49&S. Sahoo\Irefnorg66&P.K. Sahu\Irefnorg66&J. Saini\Irefnorg141&S. Sakai\Irefnorg133&S. Sambyal\Irefnorg99&V. Samsonov\Irefnorg96,\Irefnorg91&A. Sandoval\Irefnorg72&A. Sarkar\Irefnorg73&D. Sarkar\Irefnorg141,\Irefnorg143&N. Sarkar\Irefnorg141&P. Sarma\Irefnorg41&V.M. Sarti\Irefnorg103&M.H.P. Sas\Irefnorg63&E. Scapparone\Irefnorg53&B. Schaefer\Irefnorg94&J. Schambach\Irefnorg119&H.S. Scheid\Irefnorg69&C. Schiaua\Irefnorg47&R. Schicker\Irefnorg102&A. Schmah\Irefnorg102&C. Schmidt\Irefnorg105&H.R. Schmidt\Irefnorg101&M.O. Schmidt\Irefnorg102&M. Schmidt\Irefnorg101&N.V. Schmidt\Irefnorg94,\Irefnorg69&A.R. Schmier\Irefnorg130&J. Schukraft\Irefnorg34,\Irefnorg88&Y. Schutz\Irefnorg34,\Irefnorg136&K. Schwarz\Irefnorg105&K. Schweda\Irefnorg105&G. Scioli\Irefnorg27&E. Scomparin\Irefnorg58&M. Šefčík\Irefnorg38&J.E. Seger\Irefnorg16&Y. Sekiguchi\Irefnorg132&D. Sekihata\Irefnorg45&I. Selyuzhenkov\Irefnorg105,\Irefnorg91&S. Senyukov\Irefnorg136&E. Serradilla\Irefnorg72&P. Sett\Irefnorg48&A. Sevcenco\Irefnorg68&A. Shabanov\Irefnorg62&A. Shabetai\Irefnorg114&R. Shahoyan\Irefnorg34&W. Shaikh\Irefnorg108&A. Shangaraev\Irefnorg90&A. Sharma\Irefnorg98&A. Sharma\Irefnorg99&M. Sharma\Irefnorg99&N. Sharma\Irefnorg98&A.I. Sheikh\Irefnorg141&K. Shigaki\Irefnorg45&M. Shimomura\Irefnorg82&S. Shirinkin\Irefnorg64&Q. Shou\Irefnorg111&Y. Sibiriak\Irefnorg87&S. Siddhanta\Irefnorg54&T. Siemiarczuk\Irefnorg84&D. Silvermyr\Irefnorg80&G. Simatovic\Irefnorg89&G. Simonetti\Irefnorg103,\Irefnorg34&R. Singh\Irefnorg85&R. Singh\Irefnorg99&V.K. Singh\Irefnorg141&V. Singhal\Irefnorg141&T. Sinha\Irefnorg108&B. Sitar\Irefnorg14&M. Sitta\Irefnorg32&T.B. Skaali\Irefnorg21&M. Slupecki\Irefnorg127&N. Smirnov\Irefnorg146&R.J.M. Snellings\Irefnorg63&T.W. Snellman\Irefnorg127&J. Sochan\Irefnorg116&C. Soncco\Irefnorg110&J. Song\Irefnorg60,\Irefnorg126&A. Songmoolnak\Irefnorg115&F. Soramel\Irefnorg29&S. Sorensen\Irefnorg130&I. Sputowska\Irefnorg118&J. Stachel\Irefnorg102&I. Stan\Irefnorg68&P. Stankus\Irefnorg94&P.J. Steffanic\Irefnorg130&E. Stenlund\Irefnorg80&D. Stocco\Irefnorg114&M.M. Storetvedt\Irefnorg36&P. Strmen\Irefnorg14&A.A.P. Suaide\Irefnorg121&T. Sugitate\Irefnorg45&C. Suire\Irefnorg61&M. Suleymanov\Irefnorg15&M. Suljic\Irefnorg34&R. Sultanov\Irefnorg64&M. Šumbera\Irefnorg93&S. Sumowidagdo\Irefnorg50&K. Suzuki\Irefnorg113&S. Swain\Irefnorg66&A. Szabo\Irefnorg14&I. Szarka\Irefnorg14&U. Tabassam\Irefnorg15&G. Taillepied\Irefnorg134&J. Takahashi\Irefnorg122&G.J. Tambave\Irefnorg22&S. Tang\Irefnorg134,\Irefnorg6&M. Tarhini\Irefnorg114&M.G. Tarzila\Irefnorg47&A. Tauro\Irefnorg34&G. Tejeda Muñoz\Irefnorg44&A. Telesca\Irefnorg34&C. Terrevoli\Irefnorg126,\Irefnorg29&D. Thakur\Irefnorg49&S. Thakur\Irefnorg141&D. Thomas\Irefnorg119&F. Thoresen\Irefnorg88&R. Tieulent\Irefnorg135&A. Tikhonov\Irefnorg62&A.R. Timmins\Irefnorg126&A. Toia\Irefnorg69&N. Topilskaya\Irefnorg62&M. Toppi\Irefnorg51&F. Torales-Acosta\Irefnorg20&S.R. Torres\Irefnorg120&S. Tripathy\Irefnorg49&T. Tripathy\Irefnorg48&S. Trogolo\Irefnorg26,\Irefnorg29&G. Trombetta\Irefnorg33&L. Tropp\Irefnorg38&V. Trubnikov\Irefnorg2&W.H. Trzaska\Irefnorg127&T.P. Trzcinski\Irefnorg142&B.A. Trzeciak\Irefnorg63&T. Tsuji\Irefnorg132&A. Tumkin\Irefnorg107&R. Turrisi\Irefnorg56&T.S. Tveter\Irefnorg21&K. Ullaland\Irefnorg22&E.N. Umaka\Irefnorg126&A. Uras\Irefnorg135&G.L. Usai\Irefnorg24&A. Utrobicic\Irefnorg97&M. Vala\Irefnorg116,\Irefnorg38&N. Valle\Irefnorg139&S. Vallero\Irefnorg58&N. van der Kolk\Irefnorg63&L.V.R. van Doremalen\Irefnorg63&M. van Leeuwen\Irefnorg63&P. Vande Vyvre\Irefnorg34&D. Varga\Irefnorg145&M. Varga-Kofarago\Irefnorg145&A. Vargas\Irefnorg44&M. Vargyas\Irefnorg127&R. Varma\Irefnorg48&M. Vasileiou\Irefnorg83&A. Vasiliev\Irefnorg87&O. Vázquez Doce\Irefnorg117,\Irefnorg103&V. Vechernin\Irefnorg112&A.M. Veen\Irefnorg63&E. Vercellin\Irefnorg26&S. Vergara Limón\Irefnorg44&L. Vermunt\Irefnorg63&R. Vernet\Irefnorg7&R. Vértesi\Irefnorg145&L. Vickovic\Irefnorg35&J. Viinikainen\Irefnorg127&Z. Vilakazi\Irefnorg131&O. Villalobos Baillie\Irefnorg109&A. Villatoro Tello\Irefnorg44&G. Vino\Irefnorg52&A. Vinogradov\Irefnorg87&T. Virgili\Irefnorg30&V. Vislavicius\Irefnorg88&A. Vodopyanov\Irefnorg75&B. Volkel\Irefnorg34&M.A. Völkl\Irefnorg101&K. Voloshin\Irefnorg64&S.A. Voloshin\Irefnorg143&G. Volpe\Irefnorg33&B. von Haller\Irefnorg34&I. Vorobyev\Irefnorg103,\Irefnorg117&D. Voscek\Irefnorg116&J. Vrláková\Irefnorg38&B. Wagner\Irefnorg22&Y. Watanabe\Irefnorg133&M. Weber\Irefnorg113&S.G. Weber\Irefnorg105&A. Wegrzynek\Irefnorg34&D.F. Weiser\Irefnorg102&S.C. Wenzel\Irefnorg34&J.P. Wessels\Irefnorg144&U. Westerhoff\Irefnorg144&A.M. Whitehead\Irefnorg125&E. Widmann\Irefnorg113&J. Wiechula\Irefnorg69&J. Wikne\Irefnorg21&G. Wilk\Irefnorg84&J. Wilkinson\Irefnorg53&G.A. Willems\Irefnorg34&E. Willsher\Irefnorg109&B. Windelband\Irefnorg102&W.E. Witt\Irefnorg130&Y. Wu\Irefnorg129&R. Xu\Irefnorg6&S. Yalcin\Irefnorg77&K. Yamakawa\Irefnorg45&S. Yang\Irefnorg22&S. Yano\Irefnorg137&Z. Yin\Irefnorg6&H. Yokoyama\Irefnorg63&I.-K. Yoo\Irefnorg18&J.H. Yoon\Irefnorg60&S. Yuan\Irefnorg22&A. Yuncu\Irefnorg102&V. Yurchenko\Irefnorg2&V. Zaccolo\Irefnorg58,\Irefnorg25&A. Zaman\Irefnorg15&C. Zampolli\Irefnorg34&H.J.C. Zanoli\Irefnorg121&N. Zardoshti\Irefnorg34,\Irefnorg109&A. Zarochentsev\Irefnorg112&P. Závada\Irefnorg67&N. Zaviyalov\Irefnorg107&H. Zbroszczyk\Irefnorg142&M. Zhalov\Irefnorg96&X. Zhang\Irefnorg6&Z. Zhang\Irefnorg6,\Irefnorg134&C. Zhao\Irefnorg21&V. Zherebchevskii\Irefnorg112&N. Zhigareva\Irefnorg64&D. Zhou\Irefnorg6&Y. Zhou\Irefnorg88&Z. Zhou\Irefnorg22&J. Zhu\Irefnorg6&Y. Zhu\Irefnorg6&A. Zichichi\Irefnorg27,\Irefnorg10&M.B. Zimmermann\Irefnorg34&G. Zinovjev\Irefnorg2&N. Zurlo\Irefnorg140&

Affiliation notes

{Authlist}

\Adef

org*Deceased

\Adef

orgIDipartimento DET del Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy

\Adef

orgIIM.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, D.V. Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear, Physics, Moscow, Russia

\Adef

orgIIIDepartment of Applied Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India

\Adef

orgIVInstitute of Theoretical Physics, University of Wroclaw, Poland

Collaboration Institutes

{Authlist}

\Idef

org1A.I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute) Foundation, Yerevan, Armenia

\Idef

org2Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine

\Idef

org3Bose Institute, Department of Physics and Centre for Astroparticle Physics and Space Science (CAPSS), Kolkata, India

\Idef

org4Budker Institute for Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk, Russia

\Idef

org5California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California, United States

\Idef

org6Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China

\Idef

org7Centre de Calcul de l’IN2P3, Villeurbanne, Lyon, France

\Idef

org8Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN), Havana, Cuba

\Idef

org9Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV), Mexico City and Mérida, Mexico

\Idef

org10Centro Fermi - Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche “Enrico Fermi’, Rome, Italy

\Idef

org11Chicago State University, Chicago, Illinois, United States

\Idef

org12China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing, China

\Idef

org13Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea

\Idef

org14Comenius University Bratislava, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Bratislava, Slovakia

\Idef

org15COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan

\Idef

org16Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, United States

\Idef

org17Department of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India

\Idef

org18Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Pusan, Republic of Korea

\Idef

org19Department of Physics, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

\Idef

org20Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States

\Idef

org21Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

\Idef

org22Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway

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org23Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università ’La Sapienza’ and Sezione INFN, Rome, Italy

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org24Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Cagliari, Italy

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org25Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Trieste, Italy

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org26Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy

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org27Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy

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org28Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy

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org29Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Padova, Italy

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org30Dipartimento di Fisica ‘E.R. Caianiello’ dell’Università and Gruppo Collegato INFN, Salerno, Italy

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org31Dipartimento DISAT del Politecnico and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy

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org32Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica dell’Università del Piemonte Orientale and INFN Sezione di Torino, Alessandria, Italy

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org33Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica ‘M. Merlin’ and Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy

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org34European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland

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org35Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Split, Split, Croatia

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org36Faculty of Engineering and Science, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway

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org37Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic

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org38Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia

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org39Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany

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org40Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea

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org41Gauhati University, Department of Physics, Guwahati, India

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org42Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany

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org43Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP), Helsinki, Finland

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org44High Energy Physics Group, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico

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org45Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan

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org46Hochschule Worms, Zentrum für Technologietransfer und Telekommunikation (ZTT), Worms, Germany

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org47Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania

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org48Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT), Mumbai, India

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org49Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India

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org50Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jakarta, Indonesia

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org51INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy

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org52INFN, Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy

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org53INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy

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org54INFN, Sezione di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy

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org55INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy

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org56INFN, Sezione di Padova, Padova, Italy

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org57INFN, Sezione di Roma, Rome, Italy

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org58INFN, Sezione di Torino, Turin, Italy

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org59INFN, Sezione di Trieste, Trieste, Italy

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org60Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea

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org61Institut de Physique Nucléaire d’Orsay (IPNO), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules (IN2P3/CNRS), Université de Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France

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org62Institute for Nuclear Research, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

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org63Institute for Subatomic Physics, Utrecht University/Nikhef, Utrecht, Netherlands

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org64Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia

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org65Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia

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org66Institute of Physics, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, India

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org67Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic

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org68Institute of Space Science (ISS), Bucharest, Romania

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org69Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany

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org70Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico

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org71Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil

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org72Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico

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org73iThemba LABS, National Research Foundation, Somerset West, South Africa

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org74Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe Universität Frankfurt Institut für Informatik, Fachbereich Informatik und Mathematik, Frankfurt, Germany

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org75Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Dubna, Russia

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org76Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

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org77KTO Karatay University, Konya, Turkey

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org78Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS-IN2P3, Grenoble, France

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org79Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States

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org80Lund University Department of Physics, Division of Particle Physics, Lund, Sweden

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org81Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki, Japan

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org82Nara Women’s University (NWU), Nara, Japan

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org83National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Science, Department of Physics , Athens, Greece

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org84National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland

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org85National Institute of Science Education and Research, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Jatni, India

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org86National Nuclear Research Center, Baku, Azerbaijan

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org87National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia

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org88Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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org89Nikhef, National institute for subatomic physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands

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org90NRC Kurchatov Institute IHEP, Protvino, Russia

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org91NRNU Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow, Russia

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org92Nuclear Physics Group, STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, United Kingdom

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org93Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Řež u Prahy, Czech Republic

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org94Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States

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org95Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States

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org96Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Russia

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org97Physics department, Faculty of science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia

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org98Physics Department, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India

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org99Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India

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org100Physics Department, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India

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org101Physikalisches Institut, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

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org102Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany

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org103Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany

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org104Politecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy

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org105Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany

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org106Rudjer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia

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org107Russian Federal Nuclear Center (VNIIEF), Sarov, Russia

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org108Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, India

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org109School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

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org110Sección Física, Departamento de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru

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org111Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Shanghai, China

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org112St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia

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org113Stefan Meyer Institut für Subatomare Physik (SMI), Vienna, Austria

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org114SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, Université de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France

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org115Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand

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org116Technical University of Košice, Košice, Slovakia

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org117Technische Universität München, Excellence Cluster ’Universe’, Munich, Germany

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org118The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland

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org119The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States

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org120Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico

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org121Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil

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org122Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil

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org123Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo Andre, Brazil

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org124University College of Southeast Norway, Tonsberg, Norway

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org125University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

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org126University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States

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org127University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland

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org128University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

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org129University of Science and Techonology of China, Hefei, China

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org130University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States

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org131University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

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org132University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

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org133University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan

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org134Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France

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org135Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IPN-Lyon, Villeurbanne, Lyon, France

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org136Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France, Strasbourg, France

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org137Université Paris-Saclay Centre d’Etudes de Saclay (CEA), IRFU, Départment de Physique Nucléaire (DPhN), Saclay, France

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org138Università degli Studi di Foggia, Foggia, Italy

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org139Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy

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org140Università di Brescia, Brescia, Italy

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org141Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, India

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org142Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland

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org143Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States

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org144Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Kernphysik, Münster, Germany

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org145Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary

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org146Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States

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org147Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea