The Generic Expansion in Analytic Modified Gravity
Dimitrios Trachilis

TL;DR
This thesis investigates the existence of generic perturbations in higher-order gravity theories with Lagrangian R+εR^2, showing regular solutions in vacuum but not in radiation, and identifying conditions for general solutions.
Contribution
It demonstrates the conditions under which regular solutions exist in vacuum and radiation for R+εR^2 gravity, highlighting differences from classical solutions.
Findings
Regular solutions exist in vacuum with the correct number of free functions.
No regular singular states are admitted in vacuum.
A particular solution exists in the radiation case.
Abstract
In this Thesis, we treat the problem of the existence of generic perturbations of the regular and singular state in higher-order gravity in cases of vacuum and radiation models that derives from the lagrangian . We show that there is a regular state of the theory in vacuum in the form of a formal series expansion having the same number of free functions as those required for a general solution of the theory, while this is not true for the case of radiation. This means that there exists an open set in the space of analytic initial data of the theory in vacuum that leads to a regular solution having the correct number of free functions to qualify as a general solution. Further, we show that a singular state of the theory in vacuum cannot be admitted, while in the case of radiation we obtain a particular solution.
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Taxonomy
TopicsCosmology and Gravitation Theories · Black Holes and Theoretical Physics · Geophysics and Gravity Measurements
\univname
Doctoral Thesis
\ttitle
*A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements
for the degree of \degreename
in the
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\deptname
Samos, May 2016
Abstract
In this Thesis, we treat the problem of the existence of generic perturbations of the regular and singular state in higher-order gravity in cases of vacuum and radiation models that derives from the lagrangian . We show that there is a regular state of the theory in vacuum in the form of a formal series expansion having the same number of free functions as those required for a general solution of the theory, while this is not true for the case of radiation. This means that there exists an open set in the space of analytic initial data of the theory in vacuum that leads to a regular solution having the correct number of free functions to qualify as a general solution. Further, we show that a singular state of the theory in vacuum cannot be admitted, while in the case of radiation we obtain a particular solution.
To achieve this, we need to develop a number of results in various directions. We prove that there exists a first-order formulation of the theory with the Cauchy-Kovalevskaya property. This formulation of the quadratic theory evolves an initial data set (plus energy density and velocities for the radiation case), through a set of four evolution equations and two constraint equations to build the time development . We then prove that if we start with an initial data set in which the metric has the asymptotic form (regular or singular) and evolve, then we can build an asymptotic development in the form of a formal series expansion which satisfies the evolution and constraint equations and has the same number of free functions as those of a general solution of the theory in vacuum, with less free functions for the case of radiation. In other words, we show that regularity is a generic feature of the theory in vacuum under the assumption of analyticity, but this cannot happen for generic radiation models.
ΠΑΝΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΙΟ ΑΙΓΑΙΟϒ
ΔΙΔΑΚΤΟΡΙΚΗ ΔΙΑΤΡΙΒΗ
**Το τυπιϰ´ο ανάπτυγμα της αναλυτιϰής τροποποιημένης βαρ´υτητας
**
Δημήτριος Τραχίλης
Διδαϰτοριϰή διατριβή υποβληϑείςα ςτο
Τμήμα Μηχανιϰὼν Πληροφοριαϰὼν ϰαι Επιϰοινωνιαϰὼν Συςτημάτων
του Πανεπιςτημίου Αιγαίου
για την απ´οϰτηςη του τίτλου του
Διδάϰτορα του Πανεπιςτημίου Αιγαίου
Σάμος, Μάιος 2016
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Advisory Committee
The advisory committee
Georgios Kofinas, Assistant Professor, University of the Aegean
Supervisor
John Miritzis, Associate Professor, University of the Aegean
Member
Nicolas Hadjisavvas, Professor Emeritus, University of the Aegean
Member
Η ςυμβουλευτιϰή επιτροπή
Γεὼργιος Κοφινάς, Επίϰουρος Καϑηγητής, Πανεπιςτήμιο Αιγαίου
Επιβλέπων
Γιάννης Μυριτζής, Αναπληρωτής Καϑηγητής, Πανεπιςτήμιο Αιγαίου
Μέλος
Νιϰ´ολας Χατζηςάββας, Ομ´οτιμος Καϑηγητής, Πανεπιςτήμιο Αιγαίου
Μέλος
\Declaration
I, \authornames, declare that this thesis entitled, ’\ttitle’ and the work presented in it are my own. I confirm that:
This work was done wholly or mainly while in candidature for a research degree at this University.
Where any part of this thesis has previously been submitted for a degree or any other qualification at this University or any other institution, this has been clearly stated.
Where I have consulted the published work of others, this is always clearly attributed.
Where I have quoted from the work of others, the source is always given. With the exception of such quotations, this thesis is entirely my own work.
I have acknowledged all main sources of help.
Signed:
Date:
…
\addtotoc
Abstract
ΠΑΝΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΙΟ ΑΙΓΑΙΟϒ
Τμήμα Μηχανιϰὼν Πληροφοριαϰὼν ϰαι Επιϰοινωνιαϰὼν Συςτημάτων
**Περίληψη
**Διδαϰτοριϰής διατριβής
**Το τυπιϰ´ο ανάπτυγμα της αναλυτιϰής τροποποιημένης βαρ´υτητας
ΔΗΜΗΤΡΙΟϒ ΤΡΑΧΙΛΗ
**
Σε αυτή την εργαςία πραγματευ´ομαςτε το πρ´οβλημα της ´υπαρξης των γενιϰὼν διαταραχὼν της ομαλής ϰαι ιδι´ομορφης ϰατάςταςης ςε υψηλ´οτερης τάξης ϑεωρίας βαρ´υτητας, ςτην περίπτωςη του ϰενο´υ ϰαι του μοντέλου αϰτινοβολίας, το οποίο παράγεται απ´ο την λαγϰρατζιανή . Δείχνουμε ´οτι υπάρχει μία ομαλή ϰατάςτα-
ςη της ϑεωρίας ςτο ϰεν´ο υπ´ο τη μορφή ςειρὼν, έχοντας τον ίδιο αριϑμ´ο ελε´υϑερων ςυναρτήςεων με εϰείνες που απαιτο´υνται απ´ο τη γενιϰή λ´υςη της ϑεωρίας ϰαι το οποίο δεν είναι αληϑές για την περίπτωςη της αϰτινοβολίας. Αυτ´ο ςημαίνει ´οτι υπάρχει ένα ανοιχτ´ο ς´υνολο αναλυτιϰὼν αρχιϰὼν δεδομένων της ϑεωρίας ςτο ϰεν´ο το οποίο οδηγεί ςε ομαλή λ´υςη έχοντας τον ςωςτ´ο αριϑμ´ο ελε´υϑερων ςυναρτήςεων έτςι ὼςτε αυτή να περιγραφεί ως γενιϰή λ´υςη. Επιπλέον, δείχνουμε ´οτι μία ιδι´ομορφη ϰατάςταςη της ϑεωρίας ςτο ϰεν´ο δε μπορεί να γίνει αποδεϰτή, ϰαϑὼς ςτην περίπτωςη της αϰτινοβολίας οδηγεί ςε ειδιϰή λ´υςη.
Για να το πετ´υχουμε αυτ´ο, χρειαζ´ομαςτε να παρουςιάςουμε έναν αριϑμ´ο αποτελεςμάτων ςε ποιϰίλες ϰατευϑ´υνςεις. Αποδειϰν´υουμε ´οτι υπάρχει μία πρὼτης τάξης μοντελοποίηςη της ϑεωρίας με την ιδι´οτητα Cauchy-Kovalevskaya. Αυτή η μοντελοποίηςη της τετραγωνιϰής ϑεωρίας εξελίςςει ένα ς´υνολο αρχιϰὼν δεδομένων (ϰαϑὼς ϰαι την πυϰν´οτητα ενέργειας ϰαι τις ταχ´υτητες ςτην περίπτωςη της αϰτινοβολίας), δια μέςου εν´ος ςυν´ολου τεςςάρων εξιςὼςεων εξέλιξης ϰαι δ´υο εξιςὼςεων δεςμὼν για να ϰαταςϰευάςει τη χρονιϰή εξέλιξη . ´Επειτα αποδειϰν´υουμε ´οτι αν ξεϰινήςουμε με ένα ς´υνολο αρχιϰὼν δεδομένων, ςτο οποίο η μετριϰή έχει αςυμπτωτιϰή μορφή (ομαλή ή ιδι´ομορφη) ϰαι αναπτ´υξουμε, τ´οτε μπορο´υμε να ϰαταςϰευάςουμε μία αςυμπτωτιϰή εξέλιξη υπ´ο τη μορφή ςειρὼν η οποία ιϰανοποιεί τις εξιςὼςεις εξέλιξης ϰαι τις εξιςὼςεις δεςμὼν ϰαι περιέχει τον ίδιο αριϑμ´ο ελε´υϑερων ςυναρτήςεων ´οπως εϰείνων της γενιϰής λ´υςης της ϑεωρίας ςτο ϰεν´ο, ϰαι λιγ´οτερες ελε´υϑερες ςυναρτήςεις για την περίπτωςη της αϰτινοβολίας. Με άλλα λ´ογια, δείχνουμε ´οτι η ομαλ´οτητα είναι ένα τυπιϰ´ο χαραϰτηριςτιϰ´ο της ϑεωρίας ςτο ϰεν´ο με την υπ´οϑεςη της αναλυτιϰ´οτητας, ϰάτι τέτοιο εν το´υτις παραβιάζεται ςε τυπιϰά μοντέλα αϰτινοβολίας.
Acknowledgements.
First and foremost I want to thank my supervisor Prof. Spiros Cotsakis for admitting me as his PhD student and supporting me at every step of this effort. I would have never achieved to finish this challenging work without his guidance and ideas. He is an inspiring teacher and I am truly grateful. I would also like to thank the members of my advisory committee, Assistant Professor Georgios Kofinas, Associate Professor Johh Miritzis and Professor Emeritus Nicolas Hadjisavvas for their kind support. I am deeply grateful to Dr. Antonios Tsokaros for his determined help and stimulating contribution in all these years of research. I shall also give many thanks to Assistant Professor Ifigeneia Klaoudatou for our useful conversations and guidance in the first years of my research. Many thanks should also be offered to the Department of Information and Communication Systems Engineering of the University of the Aegean for offering suitable conditions for the completion of this work. I am also grateful to my wife Eleni Mountricha for insisting on working on this PhD thesis and for her constant encouragement and patience all these years. My deep gratitude to my friends Giorgos Kolionis and Georgia Kittou for all those years of working together, the fun we shared with and their support altogether. I would also want to express my gratitude to my parents whose encouragement served as an incentive to open my horizons. Special thanks to my friend Ioannis Stamatiou for his motivation and constructive ideas throughout our endless hours of discussion. My final thanks to Paraskevi Alikari, Kalia Anastasopoulou, and all the company in the Papanikolaou and Lymperis building for the humour, the fun and the ideas.
This thesis is partly based on the following publications:
•
S. Cotsakis, D. Trachilis and A. Tsokaros. Generic regular cosmological solutions in higher order gravity theories. In Proceedings of the Thirteenth Marcel Grossman Meeting on General Relativity, K. Rosquist, R. T Jantzen, R. Ruffini (eds.), World Scientific, 2015, p. 1865-1867.
•
Preprint submitted to J. Geom. Phys. The regular state in higher order gravity.
*To my wonderfull wife Eleni,
and my sweet kids Olga and Nikos…*
