Spin-Orbit Torque in a Single Ferromagnetic Layer with Large Spin-Orbit Coupling

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates the presence of significant spin-orbit torque in a single ferromagnetic layer with strong spin-orbit coupling, achieved through impurity scattering, offering an alternative to heavy metal/ferromagnet heterostructures.

Contribution

It reveals that a single ferromagnetic layer can generate substantial spin-orbit torque due to surface spin rotation, expanding the understanding of spin torque mechanisms.

Findings

Spin torque observed in single ferromagnetic layers with strong spin-orbit coupling.

Current to effective field conversion efficiency comparable to bilayer structures.

Surface torques from top and bottom layers add up, enhancing net torque.

Abstract

Spin-orbit torque in heavy metal/ferromagnet heterostructures with broken spatial inversion symmetry provides an efficient mechanism for manipulating magnetization using a charge current. Here, we report the presence of a spin torque in a single ferromagnetic layer in both asymmetric MgO/Fe0.8Mn0.2 and symmetric MgO/Fe0.8Mn0.2/MgO structures, which manifests itself in the form of an effective field transverse to the charge current. The current to effective field conversion efficiency, which is characterized using both the nonlinear magnetoresistance and second-order planar Hall effect methods, is comparable to the efficiency in typical heavy metal/ferromagnet bilayers. We argue that the torque is caused by spin rotation in the vicinity of the surface via impurity scattering in the presence of a strong spin-orbit coupling. Instead of cancelling off with each other, the torques from the top and bottom surfaces simply add up, leading to a fairly large net torque, which is readily observed experimentally.