Hilbert Series and Plethystics: Paving the path towards 2HDM- and MLRSM-EFT

TL;DR

This paper uses Hilbert Series to systematically construct and analyze dimension-6 operators in BSM models like 2HDM and MLRSM, assessing their effects on spectra, vertices, and observables.

Contribution

It applies the Hilbert Series method to generate complete operator sets for 2HDM and MLRSM, including their phenomenological implications.

Findings

Calculated corrections to scalar, gauge boson, and fermion spectra.

Analyzed impacts on weak mixing angle, Fermi constant, and oblique parameters.

Explored effects on lepton magnetic moments and BSM particle processes.

Abstract

Effective Field Theory technique is one of the most elegant ways to capture the impact of high scale theory, if any, at some low energy by incorporating higher mass dimensional ($\geq 5$) effective operators ($\mathcal{O}_i$). The low energy EFT is described in terms of only light degrees of freedom which can appear on-shell. An essential task while developing the EFT framework is to compute these $\mathcal{O}_i$'s. Hilbert Series is a novel and mathematically robust method to construct the complete set of gauge invariant independent, effective operators. The HS requires the knowledge of the transformation properties of the light DOF and the covariant derivatives under the internal gauge symmetries and conformal groups. The Hilbert Series method, by its virtue, automatically takes care of the redundancies in the operator set due to the Equations of Motion of fields and Integration by Parts with impeccable accuracy. In this paper, we have adopted this methodology to construct the complete set of independent operators up to dimension-6 in the ``Warsaw"-like basis for two different Beyond Standard Model scenarios -- 2HDM and MLRSM. For both these cases, we have calculated the corrections to the scalar, gauge boson and fermion mass spectra due to the dimension-6 operators. The additional contributions to all the Feynman vertices are computed and their impact on different observables, namely Weak mixing angle, Fermi constant, $\rho$ and oblique parameters. We have further discussed how the magnetic moments of charged leptons and production and decay of the massive BSM particles, e.g., charged scalar and different rare processes are affected in the presence of effective operators. We have also constructed the effective scalar four-point interactions and commented on the possible reinvestigation of the theoretical constraints, e.g., unitarity and vacuum stability within these frameworks.