# A qubit model for U(1) lattice gauge theory

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a qubit-based model for U(1) lattice gauge theory that simplifies the gauge link representation, enabling real-time simulations of gauge dynamics in two and three dimensions.

## Contribution

It presents a minimal qubit model for U(1) lattice gauge theory using Gauss's law, facilitating quantum simulations of gauge dynamics with few qubits per link.

## Key findings

- Real-time gauge dynamics demonstrated in 2D lattices.
- Model extends to 3D with initial real-time dynamics.
- Efficient qubit encoding with as few as two qubits per link.

## Abstract

A conceptually simple model for strongly interacting compact U(1) lattice gauge theory is expressed as operators acting on qubits. The number of independent gauge links is reduced to its minimum through the use of Gauss's law. The model can be implemented with any number of qubits per gauge link, and a choice as small as two is shown to be useful. Real-time propagation and real-time collisions are observed on lattices in two spatial dimensions. The extension to three spatial dimensions is also developed, and a first look at 3-dimensional real-time dynamics is presented.