# Variable annuities in a L\'evy-based hybrid model with surrender risk

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a market consistent valuation framework for variable annuities using a hybrid model with Le9vy processes, capturing dependence between financial and surrender risks, and providing explicit formulas and numerical methods.

## Contribution

It develops a novel hybrid model incorporating Le9vy processes and surrender risk dependence, with explicit formulas and practical evaluation procedures.

## Key findings

- Surrender behavior significantly impacts annuity pricing.
- The model provides explicit analytical formulas for valuation.
- Sensitivity analysis highlights the importance of accurate surrender risk modeling.

## Abstract

This paper proposes a market consistent valuation framework for variable annuities with guaranteed minimum accumulation benefit, death benefit and surrender benefit features. The setup is based on a hybrid model for the financial market and uses time-inhomogeneous L\'evy processes as risk drivers. Further, we allow for dependence between financial and surrender risks. Our model leads to explicit analytical formulas for the quantities of interest, and practical and efficient numerical procedures for the evaluation of these formulas. We illustrate the tractability of this approach by means of a detailed sensitivity analysis of the price of the variable annuity and its components with respect to the model parameters. The results highlight the role played by the surrender behaviour and the importance of its appropriate modelling.