# Relaxation Runge-Kutta Methods: Fully-Discrete Explicit Entropy-Stable Schemes for the Compressible Euler and Navier-Stokes Equations

## TL;DR

This paper introduces relaxation Runge-Kutta methods that ensure entropy stability for compressible flow equations, combining conservation, stability, and efficiency with minimal modifications to existing schemes.

## Contribution

It extends relaxation Runge-Kutta methods to enforce convex functional properties, enabling fully-discrete explicit entropy-stable schemes for Euler and Navier-Stokes equations.

## Key findings

- Proven analytically to preserve entropy stability.
- Demonstrated effectiveness on high-order discretizations.
- Applicable to both explicit and implicit Runge-Kutta methods.

## Abstract

The framework of inner product norm preserving relaxation Runge-Kutta methods (David I. Ketcheson, \emph{Relaxation Runge-Kutta Methods: Conservation and Stability for Inner-Product Norms}, SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis, 2019) is extended to general convex quantities. Conservation, dissipation, or other solution properties with respect to any convex functional are enforced by the addition of a {\em relaxation parameter} that multiplies the Runge-Kutta update at each step. Moreover, other desirable stability (such as strong stability preservation) and efficiency (such as low storage requirements) properties are preserved. The technique can be applied to both explicit and implicit Runge-Kutta methods and requires only a small modification to existing implementations. The computational cost at each step is the solution of one additional scalar algebraic equation for which a good initial guess is available. The effectiveness of this approach is proved analytically and demonstrated in several numerical examples, including applications to high-order entropy-conservative and entropy-stable semi-discretizations on unstructured grids for the compressible Euler and Navier-Stokes equations.