# Beam steering with a nonlinear optical phased array antenna

## TL;DR

This paper demonstrates the control of second harmonic emission direction in a monolayer MoS2 by coupling it with an optical phased array antenna, enabling programmable beam steering for advanced optoelectronic applications.

## Contribution

It introduces a novel method to steer nonlinear optical emission using a coupled phased array and 2D material, advancing integrated photonics capabilities.

## Key findings

- Achieved controllable SH emission direction with broad angular range.
- Demonstrated uniform emission efficiency across angles.
- Enabled potential for programmable optical devices.

## Abstract

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) exhibit high second harmonic (SH) generation in the visible due to their non-centrosymmetric crystal structure in odd-layered form and direct bandgap transition when thinned down to a monolayer. In order to emit the SH radiation into a desired direction one requires a means to control the phase of the in-plane nonlinear polarization. Here, we couple the SH response of a monolayer MoS$_{\text{2}}$ to an optical phased array antenna and demonstrate controllable steering of the nonlinear emission. By exploiting the intrinsic SH generation by the phased array antenna we achieve uniform emission efficiency into a broad angular range. Our work has relevance for novel optoelectronic applications, such as programmable optical interconnects and on-chip LIDAR.