# Characterization of ultrasound transmit-receive measurement systems in air: Comparison with prior work on piezoelectric elements in radial mode vibration

## TL;DR

This paper models and compares ultrasonic transmit-receive systems in air using finite element simulations and measurements, focusing on piezoelectric disks vibrating in radial mode and analyzing alignment uncertainties.

## Contribution

It introduces a system model for voltage transfer functions and compares simulation results with experimental data for radial mode piezoelectric transducers in air.

## Key findings

- Good agreement between measurements and simulations
- Alignment uncertainties significantly affect transfer function accuracy
- Comparison with prior work highlights improvements in modeling accuracy

## Abstract

A system model is used, describing the voltage-to-voltage transfer function for an ultrasonic transmit-receive transducer pair based on simulations using a finite element model for piezoelectric transducers (FEMP). The piezoelectric ceramic elements used in this work are cylindrical Pz27 disks vibrating radially in air at room temperature and 1 atm, over a frequency range up to 300 kHz. Comparisons are made between measurements and simulations. Effects of uncertainties in alignment are examined, together with comparisons with prior work.