# Preferential attachment with location-based choice: Degree distribution in the noncondensation phase

## TL;DR

This paper analyzes a location-based preferential attachment model, identifying a phase transition for condensation phenomena and characterizing the degree distribution in the noncondensation phase with a power law.

## Contribution

It introduces a phase transition function for condensation and uses stochastic approximation to analyze degree distribution bounds in the noncondensation phase.

## Key findings

- Power law degree distribution in the noncondensation phase
- Critical exponent equals one at phase transition
- Bounds on vertex proportions within degree intervals

## Abstract

We consider the preferential attachment model with location-based choice introduced by Haslegrave, Jordan and Yarrow as a model in which condensation phenomena can occur [Haslegrave et al. 2020]. In this model every vertex carries an independent and uniformly drawn location. Starting from an initial tree the model evolves in discrete time. At every time step, a new vertex is added to the tree by selecting $r$ candidate vertices from the graph with replacement according to a sampling probability proportional to these vertices' degrees. The new vertex then connects to one of the candidates according to a given probability associated to the ranking of their locations. In this paper, we introduce a function that describes the phase transition when condensation can occur. Considering the noncondensation phase, we use stochastic approximation methods to investigate bounds for the (asymptotic) proportion of vertices inside a given interval of a given maximum degree. We use these bounds to observe a power law for the asymptotic degree distribution described by the aforementioned function. Hence, this function fully characterises the properties we are interested in. The power law exponent takes the critical value one at the phase transition between the condensation - noncondensation phase.