# Spontaneous formation of polar superfluid droplets in a p-wave interacting Bose gas

## TL;DR

This paper investigates how quantum fluctuations stabilize a novel polar superfluid phase in a p-wave interacting Bose gas, leading to spontaneous symmetry breaking and the formation of anisotropic superfluid droplets.

## Contribution

It reveals that quantum corrections in p-wave Bose gases can stabilize unstable mean-field phases and predicts the emergence of anisotropic polar superfluid droplets.

## Key findings

- Quantum fluctuations stabilize the phase above a critical density.
- The superfluid order parameter has opposite finite momenta for atomic species.
- Predicted formation of anisotropic polar superfluid droplets.

## Abstract

We study the quantum fluctuations in the condensates of a mixture of bosonic atoms and molecules with interspecies p-wave interaction. Our analysis shows that the quantum phase of coexisting atomic and molecular condensates is unstable at the mean-field level. Unlike the mixture of s-wave interaction, the Lee-Huang-Yang correction of p-wave interaction is unexpectedly found here to exhibit an opposite sign with respect to its mean-field term above a critical particle density. This quantum correction to the mean-field energy provides a remarkable mechanism to self-stabilize the phase. The order parameter of this superfluid phase carries opposite finite momenta for the two atomic species while the molecular component is a polar condensate. Such a correlated order spontaneously breaks a rich set of global U(1) gauge, atomic spin, spatial rotation and translation, and time-reversal symmetries. For potential experimental observation, the phenomenon of anisotropic polar superfluid droplets is predicted to occur, when the particle number is kept finite.