# Introduction to the physics of solar eruptions and their space weather impact

## TL;DR

This paper reviews the physical mechanisms behind solar eruptions, their propagation through space, and their impact on Earth's space weather, highlighting current understanding and research frontiers.

## Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of the processes leading to solar eruptions and their effects on space weather, integrating recent advances in the field.

## Key findings

- Magnetic field emergence builds active regions that host eruptions
- Physical processes trigger and drive CMEs and flares
- CME interactions with Earth's magnetic field affect space weather

## Abstract

The physical processes, which drive powerful solar eruptions, play an important role in our understanding of the Sun-Earth connection. In this Special Issue, we firstly discuss how magnetic fields emerge from the solar interior to the solar surface, to build up active regions, which commonly host large-scale coronal disturbances, such as coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Then, we discuss the physical processes associated with the driving and triggering of these eruptions, the propagation of the large-scale magnetic disturbances through interplanetary space and the interaction of CMEs with Earth's magnetic field. The acceleration mechanisms for the solar energetic particles related to explosive phenomena (e.g. flares and/or CMEs) in the solar corona are also discussed. The main aim of this Issue, therefore, is to encapsulate the present state-of-the-art in research related to the genesis of solar eruptions and their space-weather implications. This article is part of the theme issue 'Solar eruptions and their space weather impact'.