# Time and momentum-resolved tunneling spectroscopy of pump-driven non-thermal excitations in Mott insulators

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a computational tunneling spectroscopy method to analyze non-thermal excitations in Mott insulators, revealing detailed momentum-resolved spectral features post-quench.

## Contribution

The authors develop a novel extended probe technique for momentum-resolved spectral analysis in correlated systems using a tunneling approach.

## Key findings

- Identification of in-gap sub-bands associated with non-thermal states
- Detection of excitons and anti-bound states at high energies
- Observation of negligible relaxation within the studied timescales

## Abstract

We present a computational technique to calculate time and momentum resolved non-equilibrium spectral density of correlated systems using a tunneling approach akin scanning tunneling spectroscopy. The important difference is that our probe is extended, basically a copy of the sample, allowing one to extract the momentum information of the excitations. We illustrate the method by measuring the spectrum of a Mott-insulating extended Hubbard chain after a sudden quench with the aid of time-dependent density matrix renormalization group (tDMRG) calculations. We demonstrate that the system realizes a non-thermal state that is an admixture of spin and charge density wave states, with corresponding signatures that are recognizable as in-gap sub-bands. In particular, we identify a band of excitons and one of stable anti-bound states at high energies that gains enhanced visibility after the pump. We do not appreciate noticeable relaxation within the time-scales considered, which is attributed to the lack of decay channels due to spin-charge separation. These ideas can be readily applied to study transient dynamics and spectral signatures of correlation-driven non-equilibrium processes.