# Direct electrocaloric, structural, dielectric, and electric properties of lead-free ferroelectric material Ba0.9Sr0.1Ti1-xSnxO3 synthesized by semi-wet method **Authors:** Hajar Zaitouni, Lahoucine Hajji, Daoud Mezzane, Elhassan Choukri,, Abdelhadi Alimoussa, Said Ben Moumen, Brigita Ro\v{z}i\v{c}, Mimoun El, Marssi, Zdravko Kutnjak arXiv: 1905.08025 ยท 2019-05-21 ## TL;DR This study synthesizes lead-free Ba0.9Sr0.1Ti1-xSnxO3 ferroelectric materials via semi-wet method, analyzing their structural, dielectric, electric, and electrocaloric properties, revealing enhanced electrocaloric effect near room temperature. ## Contribution It introduces a semi-wet synthesis approach for Ba0.9Sr0.1Ti1-xSnxO3 and systematically investigates its properties, highlighting the electrocaloric effect at low electric fields. ## Key findings - Ba0.9Sr0.1Ti0.95Sn0.05O3 shows a high electrocaloric temperature change of 0.188 K. - Sn substitution enhances dielectric permittivity and shifts ferroelectric transition temperature. - Impedance analysis reveals grain and grain boundary relaxation mechanisms. ## Abstract By using the semi-wet synthesis method, lead-free ferroelectric materials Ba0.9Sr0.1Ti1-xSnxO3 with x = 0, 0.02, 0.05, and 0.10 (abbreviated as BSTS) were prepared and their structural, electric and electrocaloric properties were investigated. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns show that the samples calcined at 950{\deg}C have well crystallized into perovskite structure suggesting the substitution of Ti4+ by Sn4+ in BST lattice. With increasing content of Sn, the enhancement of the dielectric permittivity was observed for (0