# Squeezed vacuum states from a whispering gallery mode resonator

## TL;DR

This paper demonstrates a compact, low-power source of squeezed vacuum states using a lithium niobate whispering gallery mode resonator, achieving significant noise reduction with minimal pump power, advancing quantum measurement technologies.

## Contribution

It introduces a novel, low-threshold, degenerate parametric oscillator based on a crystalline whispering gallery mode resonator, enabling efficient squeezed light generation at ultra-low pump powers.

## Key findings

- Achieved 1.4 dB noise reduction below shot noise at 300 μW pump power.
- Reported a record low pump threshold of 1.35 μW.
- Demonstrated degenerate single mode operation with low power requirements.

## Abstract

Squeezed vacuum states enable optical measurements below the quantum limit and hence are a valuable resource for applications in quantum metrology and also quantum communication. However, most available sources require high pump powers in the milliwatt range and large setups, which hinders real world applications. Furthermore, degenerate operation of such systems presents a challenge. Here, we use a compact crystalline whispering gallery mode resonator made of lithium niobate as a degenerate parametric oscillator. We demonstrate about 1.4 dB noise reduction below the shot noise level for only 300 $\mu\text{W}$ of pump power in degenerate single mode operation. Furthermore, we report a record pump threshold as low as 1.35 $\mu\text{W}$. Our results show that the whispering gallery based approach presents a promising platform for a compact and efficient source for nonclassical light.