Nb$_x$Ti$_{1-x}$N low timing jitter single-photon detectors with unity internal efficiency at 1550 nm and 2.5 K

TL;DR

This paper reports the development of Nb$_x$Ti$_{1-x}$N superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors that achieve high internal efficiency and ultra-low timing jitter at 1550 nm wavelength and 2.5 K temperature, suitable for quantum optics.

Contribution

It introduces a tailored fabrication process for Nb$_x$Ti$_{1-x}$N films enabling high-efficiency, low-jitter single-photon detectors at telecom wavelengths and relatively high temperature operation.

Findings

Achieved 80% system detection efficiency at 1550 nm.

Demonstrated timing jitter as low as 19.47 ps.

Produced detectors with high critical current densities.

Abstract

The requirements in quantum optics experiments for high single photon detection efficiency, low timing jitter, low dark count rate and short dead time have been fulfilled with the development of superconducting nanowire single photon detectors. Although they offer a detection efficiency above 90%, achieving a high time resolution in devices made of amorphous materials is a challenge, particularly at temperatures above 0.8 K. Devices made from niobium nitride and niobium titanium nitride allow to reach the best timing jitter, but in turn have stronger requirements in terms of film quality to achieve a high efficiency. Here we take advantage of the flexibility of reactive co-sputter deposition to tailor the composition of NbxTi1-xN superconducting films, and show that a Nb fraction of x = 0.62 allows for the fabrication of detectors from films as thick as 9 nm and covering an active area of 20 {\mu}m, with a wide detection saturation plateau at telecom wavelengths and in particular at 1550 nm. This is a signature of an internal detection efficiency saturation, achieved while maintaining the high time resolution associated with NbTiN and operation at 2.5K. With our optimized recipe, we reliably fabricated detectors with high critical current densities reaching a saturation plateau at 1550 nm with 80% system detection efficiency, and with a FWHM timing jitter as low as 19.47 ps.