Bound to unbound states transitions of heavy quarkonia in the cooling phase of QGP

TL;DR

This paper investigates the real-time evolution and dissociation of heavy quarkonium states in the cooling phase of quark-gluon plasma using perturbation theory, highlighting potential further suppression below dissociation thresholds.

Contribution

It introduces a perturbative approach to analyze quarkonium dissociation in evolving QGP, comparing real and complex potentials for the first time.

Findings

Heavy quarkonia can dissociate below their thresholds during QGP cooling.

Real and complex potentials yield comparable dissociation probabilities.

Perturbation theory is effective for short-time analysis of quarkonium in complex potentials.

Abstract

Emphasizing the possibility of moderate suppression of heavy quarkonium states, we invite some attention towards the issue of real time evolution of quarkonia during the cooling phase of quark gluon plasma(QGP). In this context, we have used time dependent perturbation theory to show that $\Upsilon(1S)$, $\Upsilon(2S)$, $J/\Psi$ can further be dissociated in the medium at a temperature below their dissociation thresholds even though they survive the Debye screening. We have presented and compared the dissociation probabilities and dissociation rates of these states in real and complex valued potential in this article. We realise that our method is an approximate way to analyse the short time behaviour of quarkonium in real valued potential and for long time behaviour one must adopt a non perturbative technique for solving schr\"odinger equation of quarkonium bound states in evolving QGP. On the other hand the perturbation technique seems to be valid enough to deal with the same for a complex valued quark anti-quark potential.