# Magnetic ionization-thermal instability

## TL;DR

This paper analyzes the stability of diffuse cold neutral medium clouds with magnetic fields, revealing that magnetosonic waves can become unstable, potentially influencing small-scale structure formation and turbulence.

## Contribution

It provides an analytical and numerical study of magnetosonic wave instability in magnetized, thermally stable diffuse clouds, highlighting conditions for instability and growth rates.

## Key findings

- Magnetosonic waves can be unstable in thermally stable regions.
- Maximum growth rates occur for slow magnetosonic waves with wavelengths of 0.5-5 pc.
- Unstable waves have minimum growth times of 4-60 Myr.

## Abstract

Linear analysis of the stability of diffuse clouds in the cold neutral medium with uniform magnetic field is performed. We consider that gas in equilibrium state is heated by cosmic rays, X-rays and electronic photoeffect on the surface of dust grains, and it is cooled by the collisional excitation of fine levels of the CII. Ionization by cosmic rays and radiative recombinations is taken into account. A dispersion equation is solved analytically in the limiting cases of small and large wave numbers, as well as numerically in the general case. In particular cases the dispersion equation describes thermal instability of Field (1965) and ionization-coupled acoustic instability of Flannery and Press (1979). We pay our attention to magnetosonic waves arising in presence of magnetic field, in thermally stable region, $35 \leq T \leq 95$ K and density $n\lessapprox 10^3\,\mbox{cm}^{-3}$. We have shown that these modes can be unstable in the isobarically stable medium. The instability mechanism is similar to the mechanism of ionization-coupled acoustic instability. We determine maximum growth rates and critical wavelengths of the instability of magnetosonic waves depending on gas temperature, magnetic field strength and the direction of wave vector with respect to the magnetic field lines. The minimum growth time of the unstable slow magnetosonic waves in diffuse clouds is of $4-60$ Myr, minimum and the most unstable wavelengths lie in ranges $0.05-0.5$ and $0.5-5$ pc, respectively. We discuss the application of considered instability to the formation of small-scale structures and the generation of MHD turbulence in the cold neutral medium.