# High-Efficiency Second Harmonic Generation of Low-Temporal-Coherent Light Pulse

## TL;DR

This paper demonstrates a highly efficient method for second harmonic generation of low-temporal-coherent light, achieving record bandwidth and efficiency, and explores the underlying physical mechanisms and spectral evolution characteristics.

## Contribution

It introduces a model for low-temporal-coherent SHG, reveals the physical mechanisms involved, and experimentally achieves the highest efficiency and broadest bandwidth for such processes.

## Key findings

- Achieved up to 70% conversion efficiency in low-coherent SHG
- Demonstrated a bandwidth of 3.1 THz centered at 528 nm
- Revealed the spectral evolution and the PSD proportional to the self-convolution of the fundamental wave

## Abstract

The nonlinear frequency conversion of low-temporal-coherent light holds a variety of applications and has attracted considerable interest. However, its physical mechanism remains relatively unexplored, and the conversion efficiency and bandwidth are extremely insufficient. Here, considering the instantaneous broadband characteristic, we establish a model of second harmonic generation (SHG) of low-temporal-coherent pulse, and reveal its differences from the coherent conditions. It is found that the second harmonic (SH) of low-temporal-coherent light is produced by not only the degenerate SH processes but also crossed sum-frequency processes. On the basis of this, we propose a method for realizing low-temporal-coherent SHG with high efficiency and broad bandwidth, and experimentally demonstrate a conversion efficiency up to 70% with a bandwidth of 3.1 THz (2.9 nm centered at 528 nm). To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest efficiency and broadest bandwidth of low-temporal-coherent SHG, and its efficiency is almost the same with that of the narrowband coherent condition. Furthermore, the spectral evolution characteristics of the broadband low-temporal-coherent pulse in SHG process are revealed in experiments, that the SH power spectral density (PSD) is proportional to the self-convolution of the fundamental wave PSD, which is greatly different from that of the coherent process. Our research opens a door for the study of the low-coherent nonlinear optical processes.