# Arithmetic on Moran sets

## TL;DR

This paper investigates the arithmetic properties of Moran sets, establishing conditions under which the continuous image of two such sets contains an interior, based on derivatives of a function and the structure of the sets.

## Contribution

It provides new conditions involving derivatives and Moran set parameters that guarantee the image of two Moran sets has an interior, extending understanding of their arithmetic properties.

## Key findings

- The image of Moran sets under certain functions contains an interior.
- Conditions relate derivatives of the function to Moran set parameters.
- Results apply to a broad class of Moran sets with convex hull [0,1].

## Abstract

Let $(\mathcal{M}, c_k,n_k)$ be a class of Moran sets. We assume that the convex hull of any $E\in (\mathcal{M}, c_k,n_k)$ is $[0,1]$. Let $A,B$ be two non-empty sets in $\mathbb{R}$. Suppose that $f$ is a continuous function defined on an open set $U\subset \mathbb{R}^{2}$. Denote the continuous image of $f$ by \begin{equation*} f_{U}(A,B)=\{f(x,y):(x,y)\in (A\times B)\cap U\}. \end{equation*} In this paper, we prove the following result. Let $E_1,E_2\in(\mathcal{M}, c_k, n_k)$. If there exists some $(x_0,y_0)\in (E_1\times E_2)\cap U$ such that $$\sup_{k\geq 1}\left\{1-c_kn_k\right\}<\left\vert \frac{\partial _{y}f|_{(x_{0},y_{0})}}{\partial _{x}f|_{(x_{0},y_{0})}}\right\vert <\inf_{k\geq 1}\left\{\dfrac{c_k}{1-n_kc_k}\right\},$$ then $f_U(E_1, E_2)$ contains an interior.