# F-FDN: Federation of Fog Computing Systems for Low Latency Video Streaming

## TL;DR

This paper introduces F-FDN, a federated fog computing architecture for low-latency video streaming that reduces latency by on-demand processing and leveraging neighboring caches, outperforming traditional CDN approaches.

## Contribution

The paper proposes a novel federated fog network architecture (F-FDN) that enhances video streaming by combining caching and on-demand processing to significantly lower latency.

## Key findings

- Average latency reduction of 52% compared to other methods
- Effective use of neighboring FDN caches to decrease streaming delay
- Probabilistic evaluation of fetch costs improves latency efficiency

## Abstract

Video streaming is growing in popularity and has become the most bandwidth-consuming Internet service. As such, robust streaming in terms of low latency and uninterrupted streaming experience, particularly for viewers in distant areas, has become a challenge. The common practice to reduce latency is to pre-process multiple versions of each video and use Content Delivery Networks (CDN) to cache videos that are popular in a geographical area. However, with the fast-growing video repository sizes, caching video contents in multiple versions on each CDN is becoming inefficient. Accordingly, in this paper, we propose the architecture for Fog Delivery Networks (FDN) and provide methods to federate them (called F-FDN) to reduce video streaming latency. In addition to caching, FDNs have the ability to process videos in an on-demand manner. F-FDN leverages cached contents on the neighboring FDNs to further reduce latency. In particular, F-FDN is equipped with methods that aim at reducing latency through probabilistically evaluating the cost benefit of fetching video segments either from neighboring FDNs or by processing them. Experimental results against alternative streaming methods show that both on-demand processing and leveraging cached video segments on neighboring FDNs can remarkably reduce streaming latency (on average 52%).