# Dark Matter as a Non-Relativistic Bose-Einstein Condensate with Massive Gravitons

## TL;DR

This paper tests a non-relativistic Bose-Einstein Condensate model of light bosons with massive gravitons against dwarf galaxy rotation curves, finding it explains some galaxies and setting new upper limits on graviton mass.

## Contribution

It introduces a BEC dark matter model with massive gravitons and constrains graviton mass using galaxy rotation data, improving previous limits.

## Key findings

- Five galaxy rotation curves are well explained by the BEC model.
- Upper limit on graviton mass is around 10^{-26} eV/c^2, stronger than previous constraints.
- Constraints on BEC parameters are derived from galaxy data.

## Abstract

We confront a non-relativistic Bose--Einstein Condensate (BEC) model of light bosons interacting gravitationally either through a Newtonian or a Yukawa potential with the observed rotational curves of $12$ dwarf galaxies. The baryonic component is modelled as an axisymmetric exponential disk and its characteristics are derived from the surface luminosity profile of the galaxies. The purely baryonic fit is unsatisfactory, hence a dark matter component is clearly needed. The rotational curves of five galaxies could be explained with high confidence level by the BEC model. For these galaxies, we derive: (i) upper limits for the allowed graviton mass; and (ii) constraints on a velocity-type and a density-type quantity characterizing the BEC, both being expressed in terms of the BEC particle mass, scattering length and chemical potential. The upper limit for the graviton mass is of the order of $10^{-26}$ $\text{eV/c}^2$, three orders of magnitude stronger than the limit derived from recent gravitational wave detections.