# Distortions in the Surface of Last Scattering

## TL;DR

This paper discusses how gravitational potential variations cause distortions in the surface of last scattering in the cosmic microwave background, proposing an estimator to map these time delays and gain insights into the universe's largest scales.

## Contribution

It introduces a quadratic estimator for mapping time delays on the last scattering surface using CMB temperature and polarization data, revealing new large-scale universe information.

## Key findings

- Estimator could produce a high signal-to-noise map of time delays
- Potential to observe the dipole distortion with high significance
- Provides a new method to study large-scale cosmic structures

## Abstract

The surface of last scattering of the photons in the cosmic microwave background is not a spherical shell. Apart from its finite width, each photon experiences a different gravitational potential along its journey to us, leading to different travel times in different directions. Since all photons were released at the same cosmic time, the photons with longer travel times started farther away from us than those with shorter times. Thus, the surface of last scattering is corrugated, a deformed spherical shell. We present an estimator quadratic in the temperature and polarization fields that could provide a map of the time delays as a function of position on the sky. The signal to noise of this map could exceed unity for the dipole, thereby providing a rare insight into the universe on the largest observable scales.