# Frustrated spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ Heisenberg magnet on a square-lattice bilayer: High-order study of the quantum critical behavior of the $J_{1}$--$J_{2}$--$J_{1}^{\perp}$ model

## TL;DR

This study uses high-order coupled cluster calculations to map the quantum phase diagram of a frustrated spin-1/2 bilayer Heisenberg model, identifying phase boundaries and a quantum triple point with high precision.

## Contribution

The paper provides the first high-order coupled cluster analysis of the $J_1$--$J_2$--$J_1^ot$ model, accurately locating phase boundaries and the quantum triple point.

## Key findings

- Identified the quantum triple point at approximately ($rac{0.547}{rac{0.45}$) in the $rac{ ext{J}_2}{ ext{J}_1}$--$rac{ ext{J}_1^ot}{ ext{J}_1}$ plane.
- Mapped the phase boundaries of collinear antiferromagnetic phases with high precision.
- Showed the absence of a quantum triple point in the $rac{ ext{J}_2}{ ext{J}_1}$--$rac{ ext{J}_1^ot}{ ext{J}_1}$ plane for $rac{ ext{J}_1^ot}{ ext{J}_1} > 0$.

## Abstract

The zero-temperature phase diagram of the spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ $J_{1}$--$J_{2}$--$J_{1}^{\perp}$ model on an $AA$-stacked square-lattice bilayer is studied using the coupled cluster method implemented to very high orders. Both nearest-neighbor (NN) and frustrating next-nearest-neighbor Heisenberg exchange interactions, of strengths $J_{1}>0$ and $J_{2} \equiv \kappa J_{1}>0$, respectively, are included in each layer. The two layers are coupled via a NN interlayer Heisenberg exchange interaction with a strength $J_{1}^{\perp} \equiv \delta J_{1}$. The magnetic order parameter $M$ (viz., the sublattice magnetization) is calculated directly in the thermodynamic (infinite-lattice) limit for the two cases when both layers have antiferromagnetic ordering of either the N\'{e}el or the striped kind, and with the layers coupled so that NN spins between them are either parallel (when $\delta < 0$) or antiparallel (when $\delta > 0$) to one another. Calculations are performed at $n$th order in a well-defined sequence of approximations, which exactly preserve both the Goldstone linked cluster theorem and the Hellmann-Feynman theorem, with $n \leq 10$. The sole approximation made is to extrapolate such sequences of $n$th-order results for $M$ to the exact limit, $n \to \infty$. By thus locating the points where $M$ vanishes, we calculate the full phase boundaries of the two collinear AFM phases in the $\kappa$--$\delta$ half-plane with $\kappa > 0$. In particular, we provide the accurate estimate, ($\kappa \approx 0.547,\delta \approx -0.45$), for the position of the quantum triple point (QTP) in the region $\delta < 0$. We also show that there is no counterpart of such a QTP in the region $\delta > 0$, where the two quasiclassical phase boundaries show instead an ``avoided crossing'' behavior, such that the entire region that contains the nonclassical paramagnetic phases is singly connected.