# Pileup and Underlying Event Mitigation with Iterative Constituent Subtraction

## TL;DR

This paper introduces Iterative Constituent Subtraction, a new background mitigation technique for jets and event observables in high-energy collisions, improving upon existing methods through iterative application and comprehensive background subtraction.

## Contribution

The paper presents a novel iterative background subtraction method based on Constituent Subtraction, enhancing background mitigation in proton-proton and heavy-ion collisions.

## Key findings

- Significant improvement in background mitigation demonstrated in simulations.
- Method effectively equilibrates background subtraction across entire events.
- Guidelines provided for parameter tuning of the algorithm.

## Abstract

The hard-scatter processes in hadronic collisions are often largely contaminated with soft background coming from pileup in proton-proton collisions, or underlying event in heavy-ion collisions. This paper presents a new background subtraction method for jets and event observables (such as missing transverse energy) which is based on the previously published Constituent Subtraction algorithm. The new subtraction method, called Iterative Constituent Subtraction, applies event-wide implementation of Constituent Subtraction iteratively in order to fully equilibrate the background subtraction across the entire event. Besides documenting the new method, we provide guidelines for setting the free parameters of the subtraction algorithm. Using particle-level simulation, we provide a comparison of Iterative Constituent Subtraction with several existing methods from which we conclude that the new method has a significant potential to improve the background mitigation in both proton-proton and heavy-ion collisions.