# The Born rule

## TL;DR

This paper derives the Born rule using basic quantum mathematics and empirical concepts, avoiding reliance on quantum postulates, and discusses the implications of this approach for quantum foundations.

## Contribution

It presents a derivation of the Born rule solely from elementary quantum mathematics and empirical notions, challenging traditional reliance on quantum axioms.

## Key findings

- The Born rule can be derived without quantum postulates.
- Empirical detector-clicks are formalized into quantum micro-events.
- Quantum axioms may be inconsistent with the derivation approach.

## Abstract

We deduce the Born rule. No use is required of quantum postulates. One exploits only rudimentary quantum mathematics--a linear, not Hilbert', vector space--and empirical notion of the statistical length of a state. Its statistical nature comes from the experimental detector-clicks being formalized into the abstract quantum micro-events. We also comment on that it is not only that the use has not been made of some quantum axioms when deriving the rule but, in a sense, their invoking would be inconsistent.

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/1905.03332