# Path-following methods for calculating linear surface wave dispersion relations on vertical shear flows

## TL;DR

This paper introduces an efficient path-following numerical scheme for calculating linear surface wave dispersion relations on vertical shear flows, significantly reducing computational cost compared to existing methods.

## Contribution

It adapts a continuation method to compute dispersion curves efficiently, using a discretization and interpolation approach that minimizes expensive eigenproblem solves.

## Key findings

- The method is two orders of magnitude faster than existing techniques.
- High accuracy is maintained across many computed points.
- A 2D interpolant enables scattered data queries in the wave vector plane.

## Abstract

The path-following scheme in [Loisel and Maxwell, SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl., 39-4 (2018), pp. 1726-1749] is adapted to efficiently calculate the dispersion relation curve for linear surface waves on an arbitrary vertical shear current. This is equivalent to solving the Rayleigh instability equation with linearised free-surface boundary condition for each sought point on the curve. Taking advantage of the analyticity of the dispersion relation, a path-following or continuation approach is adopted. The problem is discretized using a collocation scheme, parametrised along either a radial or angular path in the wave vector plane, and differentiated to yield a system of ODEs. After an initial eigenproblem solve using QZ decomposition, numerical integration proceeds along the curve using linear solves as the Runge--Kutta $F(\cdot)$ function; thus, many QZ decompositions on a $2N$ companion matrix are exchanged for one QZ decomposition and a small number of linear solves on a size $N$ matrix. A piecewise interpolant provides dense output. The integration represents a nominal setup cost afterwhich very many points can be computed at negligible cost whilst preserving high accuracy. Furthermore, a 2-dimensional interpolant suitable for scattered data query points in the wave vector plane is described. Finally, a comparison is made with existing numerical methods for this problem, revealing that the path-following scheme is asymptotically two orders of magnitude faster in number of query points.