# A Theory of Particular Sets

## TL;DR

This paper introduces TOPS, a set theory that restricts quantification to particular sets to avoid the indeterminacy issues present in traditional ZFC, using Natural Deduction.

## Contribution

It proposes a novel set theory, TOPS, which limits quantification to particular sets, addressing semantic concerns in set theory.

## Key findings

- TOPS successfully avoids indeterminacy in set quantification.
- TOPS is formulated using Natural Deduction.
- The approach offers a new perspective on set-theoretic semantics.

## Abstract

ZFC has sentences that quantify over all sets or all ordinals, without restriction. Some have argued that sentences of this kind lack a determinate meaning. We propose a set theory called TOPS, using Natural Deduction, that avoids this problem by speaking only about particular sets.