# Revealing the nature of central emission nebulae in the dwarf galaxy NGC 185

## TL;DR

This study uses optical, X-ray, and radio observations to identify and analyze supernova remnants and ionized nebulae in the dwarf galaxy NGC 185, revealing complex interstellar medium structures and confirming multiple SNRs.

## Contribution

The paper provides new spectroscopic and photometric evidence for multiple supernova remnants in NGC 185, including their kinematics and multi-wavelength counterparts, enhancing understanding of the galaxy's interstellar medium.

## Key findings

- Confirmed two supernova remnants with high expansion velocities.
- Detected extended X-ray and radio sources associated with the SNRs.
- Identified complex nebular structures and shock ionization sources.

## Abstract

In this paper we present new optical observations of the galaxy NGC 185 intended to reveal the status of supernova remnants (SNRs) in this dwarf companion of the Andromeda galaxy. Previously, it was reported that this galaxy hosts one SNR. Our deep photometric study with the 2m telescope at Rozhen National Astronomical Observatory using narrow-band H$\alpha$ and [SII] filters revealed complex structure of the interstellar medium in the center of the galaxy. To confirm the classification and to study the kinematics of the detected nebulae, we carried out spectroscopic observations using the SCORPIO multi-mode spectrograph at the 6m telescope at the Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Science, both in low- and high-resolution modes. We also searched the archival X-ray and radio data for counterparts of the candidate SNRs identified by our optical observations. Our observations imply the presence of one more SNR, one possible HII region previously cataloged as part of an SNR, and the presence of an additional source of shock ionization in one low-brightness PN. We detected enhanced [SII]/H_alpha and [NII]/H_alpha line ratios, as well as relatively high (up to 90 km s$^{-1}$) expansion velocities of the two observed nebulae, motivating their classification as SNRs (with diameters of 45 pc and 50 pc), confirmed by both photometric and spectral observations. The estimated electron density of emission nebulae is 30 - 200 cm$^{-3}$. Archival XMM-Newton observations indicate the presence of an extended, low-brightness, soft source in projection of one of the optical SNRs, whereas the archival VLA radio image shows weak, unresolved emission in the center of NGC 185.