# Integral representation formulae for the solution of a wave equation with time-dependent damping and mass in the scale-invariant case

## TL;DR

This paper derives integral representation formulas for solutions of a scale-invariant wave equation with time-dependent damping and mass, employing Yagdjian's transform and addressing various spatial dimensions.

## Contribution

It introduces a novel integral transform approach for scale-invariant wave equations with time-dependent coefficients, extending classical methods to non-translation-invariant models.

## Key findings

- Derived integral formulas for 1D wave equations with scale-invariant damping and mass.
- Extended formulas to odd and even spatial dimensions using spherical means and descent methods.
- Provided explicit kernel functions related to source terms and initial data.

## Abstract

This paper is devoted to derive integral representation formulae for the solution of an inhomogeneous linear wave equation with time-dependent damping and mass terms, that are scale-invariant with respect to the so-called hyperbolic scaling. Yagdjian's integral transform approach is employed for this purpose. The main step in our argument consists in determining the kernel functions for the different integral terms, which are related to the source term and to initial data. We will start with the one dimensional case (in space). We point out that we may not apply in a straightforward way Duhamel's principle to deal with the source term since the coefficients of lower order terms make our model not invariant by time translation. On the contrary, we shall begin with the representation formula for the inhomogeneous equation with vanishing data by using a revised Duhamel's principle. Then, we will derive the representation of the solution in the homogeneous case with nontrivial data. After deriving the formula in the one dimensional case, the classical approach by spherical means is used in order to deal with the odd dimensional case. Finally, using the method of descent, the representation formula in the even dimensional case is proved.